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<p>The West Sichuan Gas Field faces severe productivity challenges due to frequent and severe plugging incidents in its sour gas wells, yet a comprehensive diagnostic and mitigation framework remains absent. This study presents an integrated approach to address this critical issue. The composition of the plugging material was characterized using a multidisciplinary experimental approach, which integrated Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy-Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Analysis identified three distinct types: organic plugs (containing 70.2–91.5% organics, predominantly C14-C44 alkanes and benzene compounds), inorganic plugs (comprising 80.3–94.1% inorganics, chiefly iron sulfides/oxides and BaSO<sub>4</sub>), and composite plugs. Spearman analysis of 40 field incidents identified key correlations, including between downhole anomalies and time-to-first-plugging (<i>r</i>=-0.47). A novel Quantitative Plugging Degree (QPD) methodology was developed for real-time, dynamic blockage localization, enabling classified mitigation. Experimental tests confirmed a 15% HCl-based fluid as optimal, dissolving &gt; 60% of inorganic deposits and reducing organic plug viscosity by &gt; 90%. Critical, data-driven thresholds were established: an incremental pressure decline rate of ≥ 0.02&#xa0;MPa/d signals initial plugging, while intervention before 0.2&#xa0;MPa/d is essential. Field applications in Wells P5 and X1 validated the strategy, extending unplugging validity periods from ~ 50 to &gt; 120 days and 23.6 to &gt; 170 days, respectively. The primary novelty is the development and validation of the QPD methodology, providing a quantitative diagnostic tool that moves beyond conventional single-mechanism predictions for optimized plugging removal.</p>

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Integrated diagnosis of plugging in western sichuan sour gas reservoirs: from plugging mechanisms to mitigation strategies

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月7日

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  • Zheng Kang,
  • Yin-Tao Liu,
  • Guo-Dong Zhang,
  • Biao Su,
  • Xiao-Feng Liu,
  • Biao Xia,
  • Wei-zhi Wang,
  • Jun-Hui Ma,
  • Lin-jing He

摘要

The West Sichuan Gas Field faces severe productivity challenges due to frequent and severe plugging incidents in its sour gas wells, yet a comprehensive diagnostic and mitigation framework remains absent. This study presents an integrated approach to address this critical issue. The composition of the plugging material was characterized using a multidisciplinary experimental approach, which integrated Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy-Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Analysis identified three distinct types: organic plugs (containing 70.2–91.5% organics, predominantly C14-C44 alkanes and benzene compounds), inorganic plugs (comprising 80.3–94.1% inorganics, chiefly iron sulfides/oxides and BaSO4), and composite plugs. Spearman analysis of 40 field incidents identified key correlations, including between downhole anomalies and time-to-first-plugging (r=-0.47). A novel Quantitative Plugging Degree (QPD) methodology was developed for real-time, dynamic blockage localization, enabling classified mitigation. Experimental tests confirmed a 15% HCl-based fluid as optimal, dissolving > 60% of inorganic deposits and reducing organic plug viscosity by > 90%. Critical, data-driven thresholds were established: an incremental pressure decline rate of ≥ 0.02 MPa/d signals initial plugging, while intervention before 0.2 MPa/d is essential. Field applications in Wells P5 and X1 validated the strategy, extending unplugging validity periods from ~ 50 to > 120 days and 23.6 to > 170 days, respectively. The primary novelty is the development and validation of the QPD methodology, providing a quantitative diagnostic tool that moves beyond conventional single-mechanism predictions for optimized plugging removal.