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<p>Heavy metal contamination by wastewater industrial discharged into waterbodies, poses a persistent environmental challenge. In this study, we explored the application of microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) as a sustainable and low-impact strategy for copper removal from synthetic wastewater using <i>Sporosarcina pasteurii</i>. The influence of key operational parameters—including bacterial presence, calcium addition (12.5&#xa0;mM), and pH variation (6–7)—on copper precipitation was systematically evaluated. Under all tested conditions, copper removal remained within a range of 50–60%, and ANOVA analysis revealed that none of the variables significantly enhanced removal efficiency. Characterization of the precipitates by SEM–EDX and FTIR confirmed the formation of malachite (Cu₂CO₃(OH)₂) as the dominant copper mineral phase, with no evidence of co-precipitation with calcite. These findings indicate that copper carbonate formation occurs independently of calcium ions, and that while microbial urea hydrolysis facilitates carbonate generation, it does not directly influence copper precipitation efficiency. This study contributes novel insights into the mechanistic limitations of MICP for copper removal and highlights the need for exploring more resilient microbial strains or modified operational strategies to enhance metal sequestration performance. The results support the potential for MICP-based technologies in wastewater treatment systems, while also identifying critical factors that constrain its efficiency when applied to copper-contaminated effluents.</p>

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Copper removal through microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP): performance, mineralogy and process limitations for wastewater treatment

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月21日

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  • Carla Duarte-Nass,
  • Katherina Rebolledo,
  • Sebastián Aravena,
  • Gustavo Ciudad,
  • David Jeison,
  • Álvaro Torres-Aravena

摘要

Heavy metal contamination by wastewater industrial discharged into waterbodies, poses a persistent environmental challenge. In this study, we explored the application of microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) as a sustainable and low-impact strategy for copper removal from synthetic wastewater using Sporosarcina pasteurii. The influence of key operational parameters—including bacterial presence, calcium addition (12.5 mM), and pH variation (6–7)—on copper precipitation was systematically evaluated. Under all tested conditions, copper removal remained within a range of 50–60%, and ANOVA analysis revealed that none of the variables significantly enhanced removal efficiency. Characterization of the precipitates by SEM–EDX and FTIR confirmed the formation of malachite (Cu₂CO₃(OH)₂) as the dominant copper mineral phase, with no evidence of co-precipitation with calcite. These findings indicate that copper carbonate formation occurs independently of calcium ions, and that while microbial urea hydrolysis facilitates carbonate generation, it does not directly influence copper precipitation efficiency. This study contributes novel insights into the mechanistic limitations of MICP for copper removal and highlights the need for exploring more resilient microbial strains or modified operational strategies to enhance metal sequestration performance. The results support the potential for MICP-based technologies in wastewater treatment systems, while also identifying critical factors that constrain its efficiency when applied to copper-contaminated effluents.