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<p>Chlorpyrifos contamination in industrial wastewater poses significant environmental and health risks due to its persistence, bioaccumulation, and neurotoxicity. Conventional treatment methods often cannot achieve complete removal, necessitating advanced, integrated approaches. This study shows that a sequential anoxic-aerobic system with MBR and NF polishing can stably treat unusually high-strength chlorpyrifos effluent (up to 1500 mg/L) from industrial wastewater. Anoxic pretreatment increases sludge settleability (SVI 115 to 69 mL/g) and minimises fouling. The combined process achieves ≥ 99.7% removal, including TCP attenuation, resulting in effluents that fulfill water reuse criteria. Pre-acclimatized sludge, developed over 90 days, demonstrated high tolerance to chlorpyrifos. The biological system, consisting of a 6 L anoxic tank and 60 L aerobic reactor, was optimized for hydraulic retention time (HRT), food-to-microorganism (F/M) ratio, pH, and contaminant concentration. Kinetic analysis yielded μ<sub>max</sub> = 0.437 h<sup>−1</sup>, K = 12.4 d<sup>−1</sup>, Y<sub>C</sub> = 0.49 g MLVSS/g CP, and k<sub>d</sub> = 0.00381 d<sup>−1</sup>. The anoxic/aerobic system achieved 90.6% removal at HRT 5 h and F/M 0.45 d<sup>−1</sup>, outperforming a single aerobic stage (83.5%). Subsequent MBR polishing achieved up to 99.0–99.3% chlorpyrifos removal with permeate fluxes of 122.9 L/m<sup>2</sup>·h, while an additional NF step increased overall removal to ≥ 99.7% and provided permeate fluxes of 28–75 L/m<sup>2</sup>·h with flux recovery ratios above 99%. Anoxic pretreatment improved sludge settleability (SVI reduced from 115 to 69 mL/g) and significantly mitigated membrane fouling (flux recovery ratio: 99.05%). The integrated system consistently achieved ≥ 99.7% chlorpyrifos removal with stable operation, demonstrating its potential for sustainable treatment of high-strength pesticide-laden industrial effluents and supporting water reuse initiatives.</p>

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Mitigation of high-strength pesticide wastewater through integrated biological–membrane treatment: mechanistic insights and water reuse potential

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月2日

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  • Ali Y. Alzahrani,
  • Sahar. S. M. Alabdullah,
  • Asma O. Obaid,
  • Jawza Sh. Alnawmasi,
  • Seraj O. Alzahrani,
  • Ahmed M. Hameed,
  • Ali Sayqal,
  • Fathy Shaaban

摘要

Chlorpyrifos contamination in industrial wastewater poses significant environmental and health risks due to its persistence, bioaccumulation, and neurotoxicity. Conventional treatment methods often cannot achieve complete removal, necessitating advanced, integrated approaches. This study shows that a sequential anoxic-aerobic system with MBR and NF polishing can stably treat unusually high-strength chlorpyrifos effluent (up to 1500 mg/L) from industrial wastewater. Anoxic pretreatment increases sludge settleability (SVI 115 to 69 mL/g) and minimises fouling. The combined process achieves ≥ 99.7% removal, including TCP attenuation, resulting in effluents that fulfill water reuse criteria. Pre-acclimatized sludge, developed over 90 days, demonstrated high tolerance to chlorpyrifos. The biological system, consisting of a 6 L anoxic tank and 60 L aerobic reactor, was optimized for hydraulic retention time (HRT), food-to-microorganism (F/M) ratio, pH, and contaminant concentration. Kinetic analysis yielded μmax = 0.437 h−1, K = 12.4 d−1, YC = 0.49 g MLVSS/g CP, and kd = 0.00381 d−1. The anoxic/aerobic system achieved 90.6% removal at HRT 5 h and F/M 0.45 d−1, outperforming a single aerobic stage (83.5%). Subsequent MBR polishing achieved up to 99.0–99.3% chlorpyrifos removal with permeate fluxes of 122.9 L/m2·h, while an additional NF step increased overall removal to ≥ 99.7% and provided permeate fluxes of 28–75 L/m2·h with flux recovery ratios above 99%. Anoxic pretreatment improved sludge settleability (SVI reduced from 115 to 69 mL/g) and significantly mitigated membrane fouling (flux recovery ratio: 99.05%). The integrated system consistently achieved ≥ 99.7% chlorpyrifos removal with stable operation, demonstrating its potential for sustainable treatment of high-strength pesticide-laden industrial effluents and supporting water reuse initiatives.