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<p>The removal of low-concentration pollutants from wastewater remains a major challenge in advanced treatment processes, where conventional wastewater treatment methods often underperform due to limited mass transfer and weak interaction kinetics. In this study, a novel bio-based membrane system was developed using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and <i>Ulva fasciata</i> bioethanol byproduct extract (UFBE), a waste-derived material rich in antimicrobial ulvan. Dual-format membranes, comprising nanofibers and films, were fabricated through green electrospinning and solvent-casting techniques using water-based systems. Box-Behnken response surface methodology was employed to optimize the electrospinning parameters for minimized fiber diameter and morphological uniformity. Characterization analyses (SEM, SEM-EDX, FTIR, TGA, XRD, BET, tensile strength, swelling, and solubility tests) confirmed the successful integration of UFBE and improvements in thermal and mechanical properties. The membranes were applied to aged oilfield wastewater representing a low-pollutant treatment challenge. Despite reduced contaminant levels, the membranes achieved nearly 100% oil removal, an 82% reduction in turbidity, and substantial declines in hardness and scaling potential. These findings underscore the membrane’s sensitivity, selectivity, and suitability for tertiary treatment applications. This work presents a foundational approach to developing multifunctional, sustainable membranes from algal waste, offering new opportunities for bio-derived materials in environmental remediation.</p>

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Valorization of Ulva fasciata biowaste incorporated in PVA nanofibers and films membranes: Box-Behnken optimization toward advanced wastewater treatment and blue economy applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月24日

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  • Shimaa Husien,
  • Waleed I. M. El-azab,
  • Hager R. Ali,
  • Nour Sh. El-Gendy,
  • Wael Mamdouh

摘要

The removal of low-concentration pollutants from wastewater remains a major challenge in advanced treatment processes, where conventional wastewater treatment methods often underperform due to limited mass transfer and weak interaction kinetics. In this study, a novel bio-based membrane system was developed using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and Ulva fasciata bioethanol byproduct extract (UFBE), a waste-derived material rich in antimicrobial ulvan. Dual-format membranes, comprising nanofibers and films, were fabricated through green electrospinning and solvent-casting techniques using water-based systems. Box-Behnken response surface methodology was employed to optimize the electrospinning parameters for minimized fiber diameter and morphological uniformity. Characterization analyses (SEM, SEM-EDX, FTIR, TGA, XRD, BET, tensile strength, swelling, and solubility tests) confirmed the successful integration of UFBE and improvements in thermal and mechanical properties. The membranes were applied to aged oilfield wastewater representing a low-pollutant treatment challenge. Despite reduced contaminant levels, the membranes achieved nearly 100% oil removal, an 82% reduction in turbidity, and substantial declines in hardness and scaling potential. These findings underscore the membrane’s sensitivity, selectivity, and suitability for tertiary treatment applications. This work presents a foundational approach to developing multifunctional, sustainable membranes from algal waste, offering new opportunities for bio-derived materials in environmental remediation.