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<p>Alfalfa productivity in Afghanistan is limited by the lack of locally available rhizobial inoculants, and the genetic diversity of alfalfa rhizobia remains unclear. Thus, six soil samples were collected from different ecological regions, and 80 rhizobial strains were isolated. Eleven abiotic stress-tolerant isolates were selected for further analysis. 16S rRNA classified the isolates into <i>Sinorhizobium</i> (63.6%) and <i>Rhizobium</i> (36.4%), whereas multilocus analysis (<i>rpoB</i>, <i>recA</i>, <i>atpD</i>, <i>glnII</i>, <i>nifD</i>, and <i>nodD1</i>) exhibited closest similarity to <i>Sinorhizobium</i> species. 16S rRNA sequences of isolates (<i>Sinorhizobium</i> species) showed close similarity to those of <i>Sinorhizobium</i> species from western China. All isolates solubilized phosphorus and potassium, and only the GA7 isolate produced siderophores. In the plant assay, BA1 isolate showed the highest biofilm formation (1.41), and GA2 produced the maximum IAA (23.1&#xa0;μg/mL). BA1 isolate showed the highest significant (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05) shoot dry weight (1443.0&#xa0;mg/plant), nodule number (27/plant), nodule dry weight (41.3&#xa0;mg/plant), and acetylene reduction assay (6.8&#xa0;μmol/plant root) among the isolates, followed by the KaA22 isolate. Principal component analysis indicated that highland isolates exhibited better growth attributes than lowland, suggesting an effective symbiotic and ecological relationship between highland alfalfa crops and their rhizobial strains. It is a first attempt to study genetic diversity and screen promising isolates for biofertilizer formulation in Afghanistan, and their application will support alfalfa productivity and sustainable livestock farming.</p>

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Unveiling the genetic and physiological characteristics of alfalfa-nodulating rhizobia in Afghanistan soils

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月7日

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  • Safiullah Habibi,
  • Shafiqullah Aryan,
  • Ali Yawar Seerat,
  • Michiko Yasuda,
  • Shin-ichiro Agake,
  • Mohammad Zarif Sharifi,
  • Naoko Ohkama-Ohtsu,
  • Tadashi Yokoyama

摘要

Alfalfa productivity in Afghanistan is limited by the lack of locally available rhizobial inoculants, and the genetic diversity of alfalfa rhizobia remains unclear. Thus, six soil samples were collected from different ecological regions, and 80 rhizobial strains were isolated. Eleven abiotic stress-tolerant isolates were selected for further analysis. 16S rRNA classified the isolates into Sinorhizobium (63.6%) and Rhizobium (36.4%), whereas multilocus analysis (rpoB, recA, atpD, glnII, nifD, and nodD1) exhibited closest similarity to Sinorhizobium species. 16S rRNA sequences of isolates (Sinorhizobium species) showed close similarity to those of Sinorhizobium species from western China. All isolates solubilized phosphorus and potassium, and only the GA7 isolate produced siderophores. In the plant assay, BA1 isolate showed the highest biofilm formation (1.41), and GA2 produced the maximum IAA (23.1 μg/mL). BA1 isolate showed the highest significant (P < 0.05) shoot dry weight (1443.0 mg/plant), nodule number (27/plant), nodule dry weight (41.3 mg/plant), and acetylene reduction assay (6.8 μmol/plant root) among the isolates, followed by the KaA22 isolate. Principal component analysis indicated that highland isolates exhibited better growth attributes than lowland, suggesting an effective symbiotic and ecological relationship between highland alfalfa crops and their rhizobial strains. It is a first attempt to study genetic diversity and screen promising isolates for biofertilizer formulation in Afghanistan, and their application will support alfalfa productivity and sustainable livestock farming.