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<p>Environmental disturbances can cause microbial dysbiosis in corals, leading to coral bleaching and other diseases. The primary focus is on developing a synthetic microbial consortium using the Design-Build-Test-Learn framework. Strategies such as synthetic microbes with natural microbes, symbiont shuffling, coral microbiome transplantation, and assisted evolution (selective breeding, cross-breeding, epigenetic reprogramming, laboratory manipulation, and symbiont manipulation) are being explored. This review discusses the heat tolerance, nutrient cycling, and pathogen defense modules, as well as the programmable microbes under development. The programmable microbes can sense the environmental stressors and trigger the environmentally responsive genetic circuits. Central to this approach is the engineering and delivery of the synthetic microbial consortia. Different methods, such as microbial encapsulation, bio-immobilization, and symbiont recognition mechanisms, are being tested under dynamic environmental conditions. In contrast, factors such as water pressure, temperature, microbial competition, and long-term viability are taken into account. The crucial challenges involve ensuring microbial stability in dynamic marine environments and navigating the ethical implications of these genetic interventions. By bridging the lab-scale innovations with ecosystem-scale deployment, a transformative pathway for reef restoration in the Anthropocene can be strengthened.</p>

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Engineering coral microbiomes for climate resilience: modular consortia, programmable microbes, and scalable restoration

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月1日

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  • Khadija Nagi,
  • Sikander Ali,
  • Sibtain Ahmed,
  • Muhammad Arshad,
  • Saida Khaitova,
  • Otabek Kuziev,
  • Bekhzod Batirov

摘要

Environmental disturbances can cause microbial dysbiosis in corals, leading to coral bleaching and other diseases. The primary focus is on developing a synthetic microbial consortium using the Design-Build-Test-Learn framework. Strategies such as synthetic microbes with natural microbes, symbiont shuffling, coral microbiome transplantation, and assisted evolution (selective breeding, cross-breeding, epigenetic reprogramming, laboratory manipulation, and symbiont manipulation) are being explored. This review discusses the heat tolerance, nutrient cycling, and pathogen defense modules, as well as the programmable microbes under development. The programmable microbes can sense the environmental stressors and trigger the environmentally responsive genetic circuits. Central to this approach is the engineering and delivery of the synthetic microbial consortia. Different methods, such as microbial encapsulation, bio-immobilization, and symbiont recognition mechanisms, are being tested under dynamic environmental conditions. In contrast, factors such as water pressure, temperature, microbial competition, and long-term viability are taken into account. The crucial challenges involve ensuring microbial stability in dynamic marine environments and navigating the ethical implications of these genetic interventions. By bridging the lab-scale innovations with ecosystem-scale deployment, a transformative pathway for reef restoration in the Anthropocene can be strengthened.