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<p>The bacterial microbiota of amphibian skin plays a crucial role in their health and defense against pathogens, serving as the first line of protection before the organism’s innate immune response is activated. This study investigated the culturable bacterial microbiota associated with the skin of neotenic individuals of <i>Ambystoma amblycephalum</i> and the surrounding water and sediments in three streams within the Sierra de Quila protected natural area in west-central Mexico. A culture-dependent bacterial technique was employed, and the isolates were identified using partial Sanger sequencing of the 16&#xa0;S rRNA gene. A high diversity of culturable heterotrophic bacterial isolates associated with the skin of <i>A. amblycephalum</i>, water, and sediment was identified, yielding 345 bacterial isolates, of which 123 were sequenced. Alpha taxonomic diversity analysis revealed that the bacterial isolates corresponded to 20 genera and 41 species, with <i>Bacillus</i>, <i>Pseudomonas</i>, <i>Serratia</i>, and <i>Staphylococcus</i> being the most abundant. Moreover, species-specific bacteria were associated with the skin of <i>A. amblycephalum</i>. The average taxonomic distinctiveness varied among the streams and biotopes. Spatial variation in beta taxonomic diversity was observed, as shown by nMDS ordination and cluster analysis. These findings contribute to the characterization of the microbiome and highlight its potential relevance for the conservation of the blunt-headed salamander.</p>

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Screening of the blunt-headed salamander (Ambystoma amblycephalum)-associated cultivable bacteria from Sierra de Quila, West-Central Mexico

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月4日

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  • Joicye Hernández-Zulueta,
  • Verónica Carolina Rosas-Espinoza,
  • Ana Luisa Santiago-Pérez,
  • María del Pilar Zamora-Tavares,
  • Ofelia Vargas-Ponce,
  • Manuel Ayón-Parente,
  • Josefina Casas-Solís,
  • María Evangelina López-Cisneros,
  • Froylan Flores-Galván,
  • Fabián A. Rodríguez-Zaragoza

摘要

The bacterial microbiota of amphibian skin plays a crucial role in their health and defense against pathogens, serving as the first line of protection before the organism’s innate immune response is activated. This study investigated the culturable bacterial microbiota associated with the skin of neotenic individuals of Ambystoma amblycephalum and the surrounding water and sediments in three streams within the Sierra de Quila protected natural area in west-central Mexico. A culture-dependent bacterial technique was employed, and the isolates were identified using partial Sanger sequencing of the 16 S rRNA gene. A high diversity of culturable heterotrophic bacterial isolates associated with the skin of A. amblycephalum, water, and sediment was identified, yielding 345 bacterial isolates, of which 123 were sequenced. Alpha taxonomic diversity analysis revealed that the bacterial isolates corresponded to 20 genera and 41 species, with Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Serratia, and Staphylococcus being the most abundant. Moreover, species-specific bacteria were associated with the skin of A. amblycephalum. The average taxonomic distinctiveness varied among the streams and biotopes. Spatial variation in beta taxonomic diversity was observed, as shown by nMDS ordination and cluster analysis. These findings contribute to the characterization of the microbiome and highlight its potential relevance for the conservation of the blunt-headed salamander.