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<p>Root exudates may attract only certain microorganisms or repel them and can influence the microbial community of the rhizosphere in this way. This study was mainly aimed at discovering the effects of root exudates on the fungal spores’ germination and hyphal growth. Four fungi, including endophytic (<i>Aspergillus terreus</i>,<i> Aspergillus fumigatus</i> from <i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) and pathogenic (<i>Aspergillus tamarii</i>,<i> Aspergillus niger</i> from <i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> L.), were isolated from plants gathered on the campus of Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan. These isolates were determined on the basis of their observation, i.e., under a light microscope on the slide cultures of spores, hyphae, and fruiting bodies, along with DNA barcoding. For examining spore germination and hyphal response, the isolated fungi were subjected to treatment with root exudates obtained from tomato seedlings, including those that were not inoculated and those that were inoculated via foliar spray with either pathogens or endophytes. The spore germination of endophytic isolates exposed to uninoculated root exudates, either from host or non-host plants, was similar, where spores were germinated. Uninoculated root exudates of the host plants, however, failed to germinate the spores of pathogenic isolates. Pathogen-infected root exudates from host plants stimulated previously dormant pathogenic spores. While Endophyte colonized root exudates further enhanced endophytic spores up to 40% and suppressed pathogenic spores to 0% as compared to the Czapek treatment (The positive control used in the spore germination assay). The possibilities of the application of these microbes to help in agricultural development become obvious with methods based on the plant microbiome, where endophytes are pre-inoculated to crops, or useful components of exudates are added to promote healthy plants and resist diseases.</p>

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Differential effects of tomato root exudates on the development of endophytic and pathogenic fungi depend on the foliar application of fungi

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月1日

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  • Rainaz Parvez,
  • Muhammad Hamayun,
  • Asif Mehmood,
  • Amjad Iqbal,
  • Bokyung Lee,
  • Anwar Hussain

摘要

Root exudates may attract only certain microorganisms or repel them and can influence the microbial community of the rhizosphere in this way. This study was mainly aimed at discovering the effects of root exudates on the fungal spores’ germination and hyphal growth. Four fungi, including endophytic (Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus fumigatus from Triticum aestivum L.) and pathogenic (Aspergillus tamarii, Aspergillus niger from Solanum lycopersicum L.), were isolated from plants gathered on the campus of Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan. These isolates were determined on the basis of their observation, i.e., under a light microscope on the slide cultures of spores, hyphae, and fruiting bodies, along with DNA barcoding. For examining spore germination and hyphal response, the isolated fungi were subjected to treatment with root exudates obtained from tomato seedlings, including those that were not inoculated and those that were inoculated via foliar spray with either pathogens or endophytes. The spore germination of endophytic isolates exposed to uninoculated root exudates, either from host or non-host plants, was similar, where spores were germinated. Uninoculated root exudates of the host plants, however, failed to germinate the spores of pathogenic isolates. Pathogen-infected root exudates from host plants stimulated previously dormant pathogenic spores. While Endophyte colonized root exudates further enhanced endophytic spores up to 40% and suppressed pathogenic spores to 0% as compared to the Czapek treatment (The positive control used in the spore germination assay). The possibilities of the application of these microbes to help in agricultural development become obvious with methods based on the plant microbiome, where endophytes are pre-inoculated to crops, or useful components of exudates are added to promote healthy plants and resist diseases.