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<p>The <i>Spirochaetota</i> order <i>Treponematales</i> are important members of termite hindgut microbial communities. In wood-feeding, protist-dependent termites, they can be homoacetogens or diazotrophs or both, thus supporting both the energy and nitrogen requirements of their hosts. Within a termite gut, <i>Treponematales</i> may be free-swimming or attached to the surface of microbial eukaryote (protist) cells, with poorly understood levels of host-specificity. <i>Coptotermes formosanus</i> is an invasive and highly destructive pest termite species. It harbors five protist species and bacteria from at least 13 phyla. However, <i>Treponematales</i> diversity and their patterns of localization on protists are not well understood in this termite species. To remedy this, we extracted <i>Treponematales</i> 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequences from long read metagenomic data and carried out phylogenetic analyses and fluorescence in situ localizations. We report 14 unique phylotypes that cluster within 5 major groups of <i>Breznakiellaceae</i> and 1 group of Termite Group II bacteria. We developed probes to localize cells from Termite Group II and 2 of the <i>Breznakiellaceae</i> clades. Cells from one <i>Breznakiellaceae</i> group were predominantly attached to protists, while cells from the other group was predominantly free-swimming in the gut. The Termite Group II cells were exclusively attached to protists, though with lower cellular abundance than their <i>Breznakiellaceae</i> counterparts.</p>

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Distinct localization patterns of Treponematales (Spirochaetota) lineages in the gut microbiome of Coptotermes formosanus

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月1日

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  • Jonathon T. Hileman,
  • Nan-Yao Su,
  • Thomas Chouvenc,
  • Gillian H. Gile

摘要

The Spirochaetota order Treponematales are important members of termite hindgut microbial communities. In wood-feeding, protist-dependent termites, they can be homoacetogens or diazotrophs or both, thus supporting both the energy and nitrogen requirements of their hosts. Within a termite gut, Treponematales may be free-swimming or attached to the surface of microbial eukaryote (protist) cells, with poorly understood levels of host-specificity. Coptotermes formosanus is an invasive and highly destructive pest termite species. It harbors five protist species and bacteria from at least 13 phyla. However, Treponematales diversity and their patterns of localization on protists are not well understood in this termite species. To remedy this, we extracted Treponematales 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequences from long read metagenomic data and carried out phylogenetic analyses and fluorescence in situ localizations. We report 14 unique phylotypes that cluster within 5 major groups of Breznakiellaceae and 1 group of Termite Group II bacteria. We developed probes to localize cells from Termite Group II and 2 of the Breznakiellaceae clades. Cells from one Breznakiellaceae group were predominantly attached to protists, while cells from the other group was predominantly free-swimming in the gut. The Termite Group II cells were exclusively attached to protists, though with lower cellular abundance than their Breznakiellaceae counterparts.