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<p>Ecological interactions between sessile invertebrates and reef fishes are well documented, yet novel associations continue to emerge. Based on photographic and behavioral evidence, we describe the first potentially non-parasitic relationship between benthic reef fishes, specifically species of blennies (Blenniidae) and gobies (Gobiidae), and a polychaete (Annelida: Polychaeta), the Christmas tree worm <i>Spirobranchus corniculatus</i>. In Kimbe Bay (Papua New Guinea), we observed and documented the fish perching directly atop and within the worms’ exposed radioles for extended periods, without eliciting any apparent response from the worms, including their rapid withdrawal typically triggered by perceived danger. In contrast, withdrawal reactions occurred in response to contacts with multiple species of common reef fishes – predatory species like wrasses, damselfish, and butterflyfish – and other threats – human disturbance and debris. We discuss the significance of this interaction, including potential mutualistic benefits such as predator deterrence or sediment clearing. Given the ubiquity of both taxa across Indo-Pacific reefs, further research is needed to determine the prevalence and possible roles of this interaction across different reef systems.</p>

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Evidence of novel symbiotic relationships between Christmas tree worms and coral reef blennies and gobies

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月1日

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  • Morgan F. Bennett-Smith,
  • Catheline Y.M. Froehlich,
  • Lili F. Vizer,
  • Peter M. Buston

摘要

Ecological interactions between sessile invertebrates and reef fishes are well documented, yet novel associations continue to emerge. Based on photographic and behavioral evidence, we describe the first potentially non-parasitic relationship between benthic reef fishes, specifically species of blennies (Blenniidae) and gobies (Gobiidae), and a polychaete (Annelida: Polychaeta), the Christmas tree worm Spirobranchus corniculatus. In Kimbe Bay (Papua New Guinea), we observed and documented the fish perching directly atop and within the worms’ exposed radioles for extended periods, without eliciting any apparent response from the worms, including their rapid withdrawal typically triggered by perceived danger. In contrast, withdrawal reactions occurred in response to contacts with multiple species of common reef fishes – predatory species like wrasses, damselfish, and butterflyfish – and other threats – human disturbance and debris. We discuss the significance of this interaction, including potential mutualistic benefits such as predator deterrence or sediment clearing. Given the ubiquity of both taxa across Indo-Pacific reefs, further research is needed to determine the prevalence and possible roles of this interaction across different reef systems.