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<p>Ambrosia beetles construct complex galleries in the xylem of trees to cultivate symbiotic fungi. Besides beetles and their fungi, a few groups of organisms inhabit ambrosia beetle galleries, including mites. Some of these are phoretic on the beetles, like <i>Histiogaster arborsignis</i>, a cosmopolitan, generalist fungivore associated with many insects in woody habitats. We report for the first time phoretic associations of <i>H. arborsignis</i> with several ambrosia beetles, as well as their feeding on symbiotic fungi of beetles that infest avocados in Florida. Phoretic deutonymphs (hypopi) were found in association with adults of <i>Xyleborinus saxesenii</i>, <i>Xyleborus bispinatus</i>, <i>X. affinis</i> and <i>Ambrosiodmus lecontei</i>, all of which have been linked to the transmission of laurel wilt pathogen to avocado. Small colonies of <i>H. arborsignis</i> were found in an <i>X. saxesenii</i> brood chamber as well as in an unidentified ambrosia beetle gallery. In fungal feeding behavior bioassays, <i>H. arborsignis</i> fed and reproduced at least two generations on nine common important ambrosia beetle symbionts, namely <i>Acremonium</i> sp., <i>Ambrosiozyma ambrosiae</i>, <i>Candida berthetii</i>, <i>Fusarium</i> sp., <i>Graphium</i> sp., <i>Raffaelea arxii</i>, <i>H. lauricola</i>, <i>R. subalba</i> and <i>R. subfusca</i>, but exhibited higher reproductive rates when feeding upon <i>Graphium</i> sp. The mites did not perform well when feeding solely on <i>Beauveria bassiana</i> GHA strain and <i>Trichoderma harzianum</i> Rifai strain T-22 contained in fungal biopesticides. This work is the first step towards understanding the role of <i>H. arborsignis</i> in wood-boring pest galleries and assessing the potential of using these mites in biological control programs against ambrosia beetles and other wood-boring insects.</p>

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Beyond phoresy: interactions between Histiogaster arborsignis (Acari: Acaridae), ambrosia beetles and their fungal symbionts in Florida avocados

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月1日

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  • Marielle M. Berto,
  • Luisa F. Cruz,
  • Pasco B. Avery,
  • Kevin R. Cloonan,
  • Christopher A. Dunlap,
  • Daniel Carrillo

摘要

Ambrosia beetles construct complex galleries in the xylem of trees to cultivate symbiotic fungi. Besides beetles and their fungi, a few groups of organisms inhabit ambrosia beetle galleries, including mites. Some of these are phoretic on the beetles, like Histiogaster arborsignis, a cosmopolitan, generalist fungivore associated with many insects in woody habitats. We report for the first time phoretic associations of H. arborsignis with several ambrosia beetles, as well as their feeding on symbiotic fungi of beetles that infest avocados in Florida. Phoretic deutonymphs (hypopi) were found in association with adults of Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus bispinatus, X. affinis and Ambrosiodmus lecontei, all of which have been linked to the transmission of laurel wilt pathogen to avocado. Small colonies of H. arborsignis were found in an X. saxesenii brood chamber as well as in an unidentified ambrosia beetle gallery. In fungal feeding behavior bioassays, H. arborsignis fed and reproduced at least two generations on nine common important ambrosia beetle symbionts, namely Acremonium sp., Ambrosiozyma ambrosiae, Candida berthetii, Fusarium sp., Graphium sp., Raffaelea arxii, H. lauricola, R. subalba and R. subfusca, but exhibited higher reproductive rates when feeding upon Graphium sp. The mites did not perform well when feeding solely on Beauveria bassiana GHA strain and Trichoderma harzianum Rifai strain T-22 contained in fungal biopesticides. This work is the first step towards understanding the role of H. arborsignis in wood-boring pest galleries and assessing the potential of using these mites in biological control programs against ambrosia beetles and other wood-boring insects.