Revealing a new possible camouflage strategy: use of fungal spores in the 'trash package' of Chrysopidae larvae

Insects have several camouflage strategies that are crucial for their survival, including transporting debris. Larvae of Chrysopidae (Neuroptera) exhibit complex debris transport behaviors. Although numerous research studies have explored this behavior, the use of fungal spores in their “trash packets” has not yet been documented. Here, we report the first instance of Ceraeochrysa cincta larvae utilizing spores of Coleosporium plumeriae, the rust-causing agent in Plumeria rubra, in constructing their debris packages. Our observations reveal larvae collecting spores from rust-infected P. rubra leaves and adding them to their dorsal coverings. This behavior suggests a potential camouflage strategy, helping larvae avoid detection by predators and prey. Moreover, the inclusion of fungal spores (urediniospores) in debris packages may have significant implications, potentially affecting the dissemination of this phytopathogen. Our findings highlight the importance of considering complex trophic interactions between plants, fungi, and insects. Furthermore, this study contributes to an understanding of insect behavior and its ecological implications.