<p>Mobile sensor network is a network consisting of sensor network nodes that have the ability to sense, compute, and communicate over the Internet. It can be categorized into two types: static network and dynamic network. The mobile sensor network has the capability to monitor, perceive, and analyze real-time information in a given area, collecting various types of data from objects. Alongside this, speech recognition technology on the Internet has also seen significant advancements. This paper introduces the digital signal processing, pattern recognition, and other related technologies involved in speech recognition systems, covering preprocessing, feature parameter extraction, and model training. The test results demonstrate that the system can effectively perform continuous speech recognition. This will help promote the reconstruction of the classroom education and teaching system for Chinese college students’ political theory courses, enriching and actively exploring alternative teaching methods. Ultimately, this will enhance the effectiveness of ideological. As the country and society increasingly focus on political theory courses and people’s attention towards them grows, the educational tasks associated with these courses in colleges and universities become more defined, and the curriculum system becomes more refined. Therefore, this paper utilizes mobile sensor network technology to discuss the issues related to speech recognition and political teaching in universities.</p>