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<p>Real time monitoring and resource optimization in agriculture has been realized through the integration of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). The increased efficiency and security of IoT based WSN in smart agriculture (SA) are presented in this study through the developed Optimized Secure Clustering Based Routing (OSCBR) protocol. This paper presents the OSCBR protocol which is an energy efficient security model for data transfer verification between base station (BS) and agricultural sensor nodes (SNs) using a security technique of trusted keys and the Data Encryption Standard (DES). Simulations in MATLAB for performance evaluation of OSCBR achieve 98% network throughput, 0.002 ms latency, and 0.2 joules energy consumption outperforming other protocols in use such as LEACH, ILEACH, EECRP, and PSO-ECHS. Among the others, these are especially useful in terms of energy consumption and packet drop rate (PDR). With OSCBR, PDR is reduced by 43 %compared to LEACH, with a better reliability and efficiency in OSCBR. However, OSCBR is limited in dealing with large populations in networks due to scalability. Future work will be to extend OSCBR to mobile IoT based networks and integrate designs with intelligent systems to facilitate real time data processing and decision making in dynamic agricultural environments.</p>

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Evaluating the efficiency of different WSN protocols in precision agriculture

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月6日

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  • Ashutosh Kumar Rao,
  • Bhupesh Kumar Singh,
  • Kapil Kumar Nagwanshi,
  • Kamana

摘要

Real time monitoring and resource optimization in agriculture has been realized through the integration of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). The increased efficiency and security of IoT based WSN in smart agriculture (SA) are presented in this study through the developed Optimized Secure Clustering Based Routing (OSCBR) protocol. This paper presents the OSCBR protocol which is an energy efficient security model for data transfer verification between base station (BS) and agricultural sensor nodes (SNs) using a security technique of trusted keys and the Data Encryption Standard (DES). Simulations in MATLAB for performance evaluation of OSCBR achieve 98% network throughput, 0.002 ms latency, and 0.2 joules energy consumption outperforming other protocols in use such as LEACH, ILEACH, EECRP, and PSO-ECHS. Among the others, these are especially useful in terms of energy consumption and packet drop rate (PDR). With OSCBR, PDR is reduced by 43 %compared to LEACH, with a better reliability and efficiency in OSCBR. However, OSCBR is limited in dealing with large populations in networks due to scalability. Future work will be to extend OSCBR to mobile IoT based networks and integrate designs with intelligent systems to facilitate real time data processing and decision making in dynamic agricultural environments.