<p>Identifying and managing uncertainties and risks in the logistics of the steel industry is crucial. The steel industry significantly impacts the macro economy of countries and plays a vital role in job creation, serving as a driving force for development in various sectors. This study addresses logistical risks in the internal rail transportation of molten iron by employing failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) and fuzzy FMEA methods to identify, evaluate, and priorities these risks. The proposed methodology was applied at Esfahan Steel Company, where the blast furnace serves as the most critical component, producing molten iron for steel manufacturing. This research aims to uncover the risks linked to the rail transportation of molten iron from the blast furnace to the steelmaking section. Initially, risks were identified through field methods, expert interviews, and questionnaires completed by specialists to assess and weigh these risks. The traditional FMEA and fuzzy FMEA methods were then employed to rank the identified risks. The findings indicate that, according to the traditional FMEA method, the priority of risks is as follows: supply chain risks, transportation delays, rail accidents, human accidents, human resource issues, productivity concerns, and molten iron transportation. Conversely, the fuzzy FMEA method ranks the risks in this order: transportation delays, rail accidents, supply chain risks, human accidents, molten iron transportation, human resource issues, and productivity concerns. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was used to validate the FMEA methods, confirming that the results from the fuzzy approach are more accurate. According to the fuzzy model, transportation delay risk is categorized at a critical level, while rail accidents, supply chain risks, and human accidents are assessed at moderate levels.</p>