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<p>Sewage water, comprising grey water from kitchens, gardens, laundry, bathing, and washing, together with black water from toilets, represents the largest source of wastewater generation. Effective treatment and monitoring of sewage are critical for safeguarding and enhancing water quality. This study focuses on the performance evaluation of sewage treatment plants (STPs) with particular attention to their chemical processing units, which constitute the most critical stage of treatment. A typical STP integrates three major components—physical processing, chemical processing, and biological processing—executed through five treatment stages: preliminary, primary, secondary, tertiary, and sludge treatment. To ensure these processes function effectively, this research employs Reliability, Availability, and Maintainability (RAM) analysis as a systematic methodology for assessing performance. Failure and repair rates of subsystems are modeled using exponential distributions, while Markovian birth–death processes are applied to develop Chapman–Kolmogorov differential equations, which are then recursively solved to obtain system measures. Key performance indicators such as Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF) and Mean Time to Repair (MTTR) are derived. The RAM analysis reveals that primary treatment is the most vulnerable subsystem, with an availability of 0.952177, a reliability of 0.45840 after 60&#xa0;days, and 0.35345 after 80&#xa0;days. These findings highlight potential operational risks within the treatment chain and underscore the importance of strengthening chemical processing reliability. Given the scarcity of literature on the performance characteristics of STPs—particularly their chemical units—this study contributes novel insights that can inform the design, operation, and optimization of sewage treatment facilities.</p>

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Reliability, availability and maintainability analysis of chemical processing unit of sewage treatment plant

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月4日

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  • Anas Sani Maihulla,
  • Ibrahim Yusuf,
  • Michael B. C. Khoo

摘要

Sewage water, comprising grey water from kitchens, gardens, laundry, bathing, and washing, together with black water from toilets, represents the largest source of wastewater generation. Effective treatment and monitoring of sewage are critical for safeguarding and enhancing water quality. This study focuses on the performance evaluation of sewage treatment plants (STPs) with particular attention to their chemical processing units, which constitute the most critical stage of treatment. A typical STP integrates three major components—physical processing, chemical processing, and biological processing—executed through five treatment stages: preliminary, primary, secondary, tertiary, and sludge treatment. To ensure these processes function effectively, this research employs Reliability, Availability, and Maintainability (RAM) analysis as a systematic methodology for assessing performance. Failure and repair rates of subsystems are modeled using exponential distributions, while Markovian birth–death processes are applied to develop Chapman–Kolmogorov differential equations, which are then recursively solved to obtain system measures. Key performance indicators such as Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF) and Mean Time to Repair (MTTR) are derived. The RAM analysis reveals that primary treatment is the most vulnerable subsystem, with an availability of 0.952177, a reliability of 0.45840 after 60 days, and 0.35345 after 80 days. These findings highlight potential operational risks within the treatment chain and underscore the importance of strengthening chemical processing reliability. Given the scarcity of literature on the performance characteristics of STPs—particularly their chemical units—this study contributes novel insights that can inform the design, operation, and optimization of sewage treatment facilities.