<p>There are a number of reasons why electric vehicles (EVs) are becoming more popular, such as their lower cost and a greater understanding of environmental issues and climate change. The article explores the developments in electric vehicle (EV) innovation with reference to battery trends, charging approaches and new investigation possibilities as well as challenges. More precisely, an examination of the circumstances of the electric vehicle market worldwide and its prediction is carried out. Since series battery is an essential part of electric vehicles (EVs), this review presents a comprehensive review of battery equipment, sort from lead-acid batteries to lithium ion batteries. This study examines a range of modeling methodologies and optimization strategies employed to investigate the market saturation dynamics of various categories of electric vehicles, including hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), and battery electric vehicles (BEVs).</p>