Efficient design and mathematical analysis of perturbed semi-circular patch antenna

In this article the design and theory of an efficient microstrip antenna by just joining two convectional semicircular patches in such a way that the curved arcs touch each other, centers and joint point lie on same line, so a unique butterfly shape is formed. The joint point is connected to a simple feed. The antenna includes a substrate of FR 4 epoxy material of dielectric constant \({\varepsilon }_{r}\) ${\epsilon }_r$ =4.4. The radius of the semi-circular halves has been optimized by optimization tool in HFSS software. The return loss observed becomes − 39.56 dB at 25.4 GHz. The bandwidth that can be produced is 2 GHz, Antenna structure is of dimension 50 mm × 50 mm × 1.6 mm and the operational frequency that is set 25 GHz which is used for 5G communication. All the essential parameters for antenna design e.g., directivity, S- parameter, gain, VSWR are determined by both simulation and measurement. The authenticity of results is verified by mathematical analysis.