Load frequency control in interconnected microgrids using Hybrid PSO–GWO based PI–PD controller

Frequency deviation and Tie-Line power flow deviation are major concern due to the continuous load changing condition and the utilization of renewable energy sources in multi microgrid interconnected systems. Therefore, it is important and crucial to maintain the frequency and Tie-line power flow. In this paper, Novel hybrid algorithm combines both Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) driven proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller and cascade Proportional Integral and Proportional Derivative (PI–PD) controller is suggested to deal with the issues in a proposed multi interconnected microgrid system. At first, the performance of the developed hybrid algorithm driven PID controller is investigated and its performance is compared with individual PSO and GWO driven PID controller. Finally the hybrid algorithm performance is investigated in cascade PI–PD controller and its performance is compared with the PID controller. Integral time multiplied by absolute error (ITAE) is used as the objective function in this work for obtaining optimum parameters of both PID and PI–PD controller. The simulated results show the superiority of the proposed hybrid algorithm (PSO–GWO) driven PI–PD controller compared with the other techniques in settling time, overshoot etc.