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<p>Probiotic yeasts are emerging as promising alternatives to bacterial probiotics due to their intrinsic resistance to antibiotics and tolerance to gastrointestinal stress. The present study aimed to isolate and characterize potential probiotic yeasts from <i>Annona muricata</i> fruits and to evaluate their functional and safety attributes. A total of 30 yeast isolates were obtained, of which nine exhibited antagonistic activity against selected bacterial pathogens. Among them, AM2 and AM1 demonstrated superior probiotic potential. AM2 showed strong acid tolerance at pH 2.0 (81.80%) and pH 3.0 (73.94%), high bile tolerance (88.93%), and notable survival under simulated gastrointestinal conditions (68.6%), comparable to the commercial strain <i>Saccharomyces boulardii</i> CNCM I-745. AM2 also exhibited high auto-aggregation (80.98%) and antioxidant activity (37.61%). All isolates were non-hemolytic and lacked extracellular virulence-associated enzyme production. Molecular identification based on 18S rRNA sequencing confirmed that AM1 and AM2 are closely related to <i>Pichia</i> spp. Overall, AM2 emerged as a promising non-pathogenic probiotic candidate. Future studies should focus on genomic safety assessment, and the exploration of its application in functional food and nutraceutical development.</p>

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Exploring fruit-derived non-conventional yeasts as probiotic candidates: safety, functional attributes, and in vitro gastrointestinal survivability

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月31日

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  • Ankita Balakrishna Nayak,
  • Thippeswamy Basaiah

摘要

Probiotic yeasts are emerging as promising alternatives to bacterial probiotics due to their intrinsic resistance to antibiotics and tolerance to gastrointestinal stress. The present study aimed to isolate and characterize potential probiotic yeasts from Annona muricata fruits and to evaluate their functional and safety attributes. A total of 30 yeast isolates were obtained, of which nine exhibited antagonistic activity against selected bacterial pathogens. Among them, AM2 and AM1 demonstrated superior probiotic potential. AM2 showed strong acid tolerance at pH 2.0 (81.80%) and pH 3.0 (73.94%), high bile tolerance (88.93%), and notable survival under simulated gastrointestinal conditions (68.6%), comparable to the commercial strain Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745. AM2 also exhibited high auto-aggregation (80.98%) and antioxidant activity (37.61%). All isolates were non-hemolytic and lacked extracellular virulence-associated enzyme production. Molecular identification based on 18S rRNA sequencing confirmed that AM1 and AM2 are closely related to Pichia spp. Overall, AM2 emerged as a promising non-pathogenic probiotic candidate. Future studies should focus on genomic safety assessment, and the exploration of its application in functional food and nutraceutical development.