Off-flavors in fish: origins, detection, and mitigation strategies
摘要
Off-flavors in farmed fish are a major sensory challenge, causing global losses over $1 billion annually. These undesirable taste and odor compounds compromise product quality and consumer acceptance, reducing competitiveness against wild-caught alternatives. Although many studies exist, few provide an integrated analysis of biochemical origins, molecular mechanisms, and practical mitigation strategies. This review synthesizes recent advances (2020–2025) in biochemical characterization, microbial ecology, and detection technologies. Emphasis is placed on muscle composition, lipid oxidation, and pH-dependent microbial metabolism in shaping sensory defects. Mitigation strategies including electrooxidation, bioaugmentation, and tissue-targeted depuration are critically assessed for sustainability and commercial relevance. Integrating sensory, instrumental, and molecular perspectives, the article identifies research gaps and proposes future directions for aquaculture producers, processors, and researchers.
Graphical abstract