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<p>The novelty in this study is to observe the combined effect of microwave, ultrasound, and UV-A on the extraction of Indian Borage leaves. UV rays are generally used as a pre-treatment for inhibition of microbial and enzymatic activities. It usually has a negative effect on sensitive compounds. However, the study was planned to combine the pretreatment with the established microwave and ultrasound assisted extraction techniques to see whether it has any synergistic or detrimental effect on the overall responses. The optimized values of four factors, extraction time, microwave power, ultrasound power, and UV-A duty cycle, were 15&#xa0;min, 100 W, 400 W, and 0.8, respectively. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) combined with regression analysis was applied for model validation. RSM was used for simultaneous maximization of responses, which were total phenolic content (TPC) of 20.81 ± 0.25&#xa0;mg GAE/g dw, DPPH % inhibition of 24.08 ± 0.15%, ferric reducing anti-oxidant power (FRAP) of 12.56 ± 0.03&#xa0;mg TE/g dw, total flavonoid content (TFC) of 8.62 ± 0.01&#xa0;mg QE/g dw, total condensed tannins (TCT) of 3.33 ± 0.03&#xa0;mg CE/g dw, total hydrolyzable tannins (THT) of 36.10 ± 0.04&#xa0;mg TAE/g dw, and extraction yield (EY) of 4.03 ± 0.01%. Multivariate analysis in terms of HCA suggested extraction time as the most crucial factor for optimum extraction yield.</p>

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Process optimization and multivariate analysis of bioactive compounds from Indian Borage (Plectranthus amboinicus) leaves using a combined microwave-ultrasound-ultraviolet assisted extraction system

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月20日

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  • Rahul Kumar Rout,
  • Ankit Kumar,
  • Pavuluri Srinivasa Rao

摘要

The novelty in this study is to observe the combined effect of microwave, ultrasound, and UV-A on the extraction of Indian Borage leaves. UV rays are generally used as a pre-treatment for inhibition of microbial and enzymatic activities. It usually has a negative effect on sensitive compounds. However, the study was planned to combine the pretreatment with the established microwave and ultrasound assisted extraction techniques to see whether it has any synergistic or detrimental effect on the overall responses. The optimized values of four factors, extraction time, microwave power, ultrasound power, and UV-A duty cycle, were 15 min, 100 W, 400 W, and 0.8, respectively. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) combined with regression analysis was applied for model validation. RSM was used for simultaneous maximization of responses, which were total phenolic content (TPC) of 20.81 ± 0.25 mg GAE/g dw, DPPH % inhibition of 24.08 ± 0.15%, ferric reducing anti-oxidant power (FRAP) of 12.56 ± 0.03 mg TE/g dw, total flavonoid content (TFC) of 8.62 ± 0.01 mg QE/g dw, total condensed tannins (TCT) of 3.33 ± 0.03 mg CE/g dw, total hydrolyzable tannins (THT) of 36.10 ± 0.04 mg TAE/g dw, and extraction yield (EY) of 4.03 ± 0.01%. Multivariate analysis in terms of HCA suggested extraction time as the most crucial factor for optimum extraction yield.