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<p>The fruit and vegetable processing sector generates approximately 40–50% waste, primarily as peels, pomace, seeds, and pulp, representing a significant yet underutilized bioresource. Recent progress highlights green extraction and integrated biorefinery technologies—notably enzyme-assisted, ultrasound-assisted, and microwave-assisted processes—as the most effective routes for recovering high-value compounds, achieving yields of 20–35% for pectin, 30–60% for polyphenols, and 15–25% for oils. Additionally, fruit residues contribute up to 20–30% of bioethanol or biogas output in integrated energy systems. However, industrial-scale adoption remains constrained by high energy demand, process economics, feedstock seasonality, and supply-chain inefficiencies. This review underscores the need for process intensification, techno-economic standardization, and policy-driven incentives to enable scalable valorization. Strengthening regulatory support within a circular bioeconomy framework is essential for translating laboratory-scale advances into commercially viable and sustainable waste management solutions.</p>

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Harnessing the potential of fruit processing industrial waste for circular economy: a comprehensive review

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月21日

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  • Rupinder Pal Singh,
  • Komalpreet Kaur,
  • Harinderjeet Kaur,
  • Amandeep Saroa,
  • Saurabh Gupta,
  • Amrit Singh

摘要

The fruit and vegetable processing sector generates approximately 40–50% waste, primarily as peels, pomace, seeds, and pulp, representing a significant yet underutilized bioresource. Recent progress highlights green extraction and integrated biorefinery technologies—notably enzyme-assisted, ultrasound-assisted, and microwave-assisted processes—as the most effective routes for recovering high-value compounds, achieving yields of 20–35% for pectin, 30–60% for polyphenols, and 15–25% for oils. Additionally, fruit residues contribute up to 20–30% of bioethanol or biogas output in integrated energy systems. However, industrial-scale adoption remains constrained by high energy demand, process economics, feedstock seasonality, and supply-chain inefficiencies. This review underscores the need for process intensification, techno-economic standardization, and policy-driven incentives to enable scalable valorization. Strengthening regulatory support within a circular bioeconomy framework is essential for translating laboratory-scale advances into commercially viable and sustainable waste management solutions.