<p> <?tk 3?>This study investigated the effects of commercial enzymes, vacuum impregnation, and sterilization on the texture softening of shiitake mushrooms (SM) to meet elderly-friendly food standards. SM are known for their nutritional benefits but often exhibit a chewy texture unsuitable for elderly individuals with dysphagia. Six commercial enzymes were evaluated for their impacts on texture parameters, including hardness, chewiness, and gumminess. Results showed that Performase<sup>®</sup> significantly reduced the hardness and chewiness of whole and sliced SM, while Viscozyme<sup>®</sup> L and Hemicellulase AMANO 90 exhibited complementary effects by hydrolyzing mushroom cell wall polysaccharides. Synergistic effects were observed when Performase<sup>®</sup> was combined with Viscozyme<sup>®</sup> L, especially in whole mushrooms, which enhanced textural softening. Vacuum impregnation improved enzyme penetration, while sterilization further reduced hardness, achieving International Dysphagia Diet Standardisation Initiative (IDDSI) Level 6 criteria. Mushrooms treated with Performase<sup>®</sup> and Viscozyme<sup>®</sup> L, followed by vacuum impregnation and sterilization, deformed without returning to their original shape using a fork pressure test, validating their suitability as elderly-friendly food. This study presented a practical approach for texture modification of SM, with potential applications in diets for individuals with dysphagia.</p>

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A practical approach to developing textural softening of shiitake mushrooms as elderly-friendly food using commercial enzymes combined with vacuum impregnation and sterilization

  • Yen-Ju Li,
  • Hsueh-Huei Chiu,
  • Shu-Ling Cheng,
  • Min-Lang Huang,
  • Cheng-Ling Liu,
  • Chih-Min Yang

摘要

This study investigated the effects of commercial enzymes, vacuum impregnation, and sterilization on the texture softening of shiitake mushrooms (SM) to meet elderly-friendly food standards. SM are known for their nutritional benefits but often exhibit a chewy texture unsuitable for elderly individuals with dysphagia. Six commercial enzymes were evaluated for their impacts on texture parameters, including hardness, chewiness, and gumminess. Results showed that Performase® significantly reduced the hardness and chewiness of whole and sliced SM, while Viscozyme® L and Hemicellulase AMANO 90 exhibited complementary effects by hydrolyzing mushroom cell wall polysaccharides. Synergistic effects were observed when Performase® was combined with Viscozyme® L, especially in whole mushrooms, which enhanced textural softening. Vacuum impregnation improved enzyme penetration, while sterilization further reduced hardness, achieving International Dysphagia Diet Standardisation Initiative (IDDSI) Level 6 criteria. Mushrooms treated with Performase® and Viscozyme® L, followed by vacuum impregnation and sterilization, deformed without returning to their original shape using a fork pressure test, validating their suitability as elderly-friendly food. This study presented a practical approach for texture modification of SM, with potential applications in diets for individuals with dysphagia.