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<p>Traditionally, honey has been used to treat various types of infections. Interestingly, no microbial resistance against honey were reported, thus it has been applied as a topical antimicrobial agent against various strains of multidrug-resistant bacteria. In this study, an <i>Averrhoa carambola</i> fruit extract (ACE) that displayed a thick and viscous honey-like appearance was discovered to conforms with the basic physiochemical properties of common honey by displaying moisture content at 15.6%, refractive index at 1.4975, Brix degree at 82.6%, specific gravity at 1.424, total protein content at 0.82&#xa0;g/100&#xa0;g and pH at 4.19. Additionally, ACE also exhibited fructose/glucose ratio at 1.40. Nevertheless, ACE revealed a viscosity value of 234 poise although the average viscosity for honey is about 138.0 poise. Furthermore, ACE has a high level of total flavonoid content (TFC) of 537.42&#xa0;mg RE/100&#xa0;g. Interestingly, ACE showed better inhibitory activity than manuka honey with MGO 250 + against eight medically-important bacterial isolates. These results showed that ACE has the physiochemical properties of an unadulterated honey with a promising avenue as a new and alternative source of bee-less and honey-like substance with good antibacterial properties.</p>

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Physiochemical characterization and antibacterial properties of a honey-like extract from Averrhoa carambola fruits

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月27日

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  • Abd Rashid Li,
  • Saiful Azmi Johari,
  • Nor Hidayatul Khamariah Zainul Abidin,
  • Mazurah Mohamed Isa,
  • Hannan Abdul Wahab,
  • Mastura Mohtar

摘要

Traditionally, honey has been used to treat various types of infections. Interestingly, no microbial resistance against honey were reported, thus it has been applied as a topical antimicrobial agent against various strains of multidrug-resistant bacteria. In this study, an Averrhoa carambola fruit extract (ACE) that displayed a thick and viscous honey-like appearance was discovered to conforms with the basic physiochemical properties of common honey by displaying moisture content at 15.6%, refractive index at 1.4975, Brix degree at 82.6%, specific gravity at 1.424, total protein content at 0.82 g/100 g and pH at 4.19. Additionally, ACE also exhibited fructose/glucose ratio at 1.40. Nevertheless, ACE revealed a viscosity value of 234 poise although the average viscosity for honey is about 138.0 poise. Furthermore, ACE has a high level of total flavonoid content (TFC) of 537.42 mg RE/100 g. Interestingly, ACE showed better inhibitory activity than manuka honey with MGO 250 + against eight medically-important bacterial isolates. These results showed that ACE has the physiochemical properties of an unadulterated honey with a promising avenue as a new and alternative source of bee-less and honey-like substance with good antibacterial properties.