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<p>This study explores the potential of a bio-based adhesive system comprising citric acid and gelatinized starch (GS) for the production of kenaf particleboard. Unmodified starch was initially incorporated into the citric acid adhesive to enhance mechanical properties of particleboard fabricated at 200, 300 and 400&#xa0;kg/m<sup>3</sup>. However, its addition adversely affected the dimensional stability of the particleboard. To overcome this limitation, gelatinized starch was introduced as a partial adhesive substitute. Wheat starch was gelatinized using sodium hydroxide at high temperature. 5% and 10% GS were then incorporated into citric acid and used to produce particleboards. Particleboards with two densities (300 and 400&#xa0;kg/m<sup>3</sup>) were produced. The mechanical and physical properties of the resulting boards were evaluated and compared with unmodified starch (US). The results demonstrate that gelatinized starch significantly improves mechanical strength while maintaining acceptable dimensional stability. Compared with US, GS imparted significantly better mechanical strength to the resulting kenaf particleboard. At the same time, particleboard bonded with GS are more dimensionally stable. Among the formulations tested, the 300GS10 panel (300&#xa0;kg/m<sup>3</sup> density with 10% GS) exhibited the most balanced performance. Overall, the integration of gelatinized starch into citric acid-based adhesives presents a promising path toward greener, high-performance wood-based composites.</p>

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Improving mechanical and physical properties of citric acid-bonded kenaf particleboard with gelatinized starch

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月5日

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  • Rusydi Aiman Ramli,
  • Wei Chen Lum,
  • Yusri Helmi Muhammad,
  • Siti Noorbaini Sarmin,
  • Muhammad Firdaus Zamin,
  • Widya Fatriasari,
  • Apri Heri Iswanto,
  • Seng Hua Lee

摘要

This study explores the potential of a bio-based adhesive system comprising citric acid and gelatinized starch (GS) for the production of kenaf particleboard. Unmodified starch was initially incorporated into the citric acid adhesive to enhance mechanical properties of particleboard fabricated at 200, 300 and 400 kg/m3. However, its addition adversely affected the dimensional stability of the particleboard. To overcome this limitation, gelatinized starch was introduced as a partial adhesive substitute. Wheat starch was gelatinized using sodium hydroxide at high temperature. 5% and 10% GS were then incorporated into citric acid and used to produce particleboards. Particleboards with two densities (300 and 400 kg/m3) were produced. The mechanical and physical properties of the resulting boards were evaluated and compared with unmodified starch (US). The results demonstrate that gelatinized starch significantly improves mechanical strength while maintaining acceptable dimensional stability. Compared with US, GS imparted significantly better mechanical strength to the resulting kenaf particleboard. At the same time, particleboard bonded with GS are more dimensionally stable. Among the formulations tested, the 300GS10 panel (300 kg/m3 density with 10% GS) exhibited the most balanced performance. Overall, the integration of gelatinized starch into citric acid-based adhesives presents a promising path toward greener, high-performance wood-based composites.