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<p>Bamboo is widely used in construction, furniture, and ecological restoration. Despite its high strength and adaptability, bamboo's susceptibility to biological degradation due to its starch and cellulose content limits its durability. This study investigated the effects of smoking and heating treatments on the physical, mechanical, and chemical properties of Betung bamboo (<i>Dendrocalamus asper</i>), focusing on improving its dimensional stability and mechanical strength. Results showed that equilibrium moisture content decreased with prolonged smoking durations and higher heating temperatures due to the reduction of free hydroxyl groups in hemicellulose and cellulose. Dimensional stability improved significantly, particularly in the tangential and radial directions, with maximum stability observed at 210&#xa0;°C. Mechanical properties were enhanced through reduced moisture content, leading to increased modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity. However, excessive heating at 210&#xa0;°C caused thermal degradation of hemicellulose, reducing strength. Significant color changes were observed, with smoking inducing greenish hues and heating contributing to yellowish coloration, producing aesthetically pleasing results at higher temperatures. FTIR analysis revealed key chemical changes, including the reduction of free hydroxyl groups, ether bond formation, and acetylation in hemicellulose, which contributed to improved durability. Overall, smoking and heating treatments enhanced bamboo’s physical, mechanical, and aesthetic properties, making it more suitable for various applications. However, the study underscores the need to optimize treatment conditions to avoid thermal degradation at high temperatures.</p>

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Revealing changes in the physical, mechanical, and chemical properties of Betung bamboo (Dendrocalamus asper) under heating and smoking treatment

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月3日

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  • Ihak Sumardi,
  • Arelanda Zulvian Hikmatiar,
  • Lili Melani,
  • Atmawi Darwis,
  • Anne Hadiyane,
  • Anca Awal Sembada

摘要

Bamboo is widely used in construction, furniture, and ecological restoration. Despite its high strength and adaptability, bamboo's susceptibility to biological degradation due to its starch and cellulose content limits its durability. This study investigated the effects of smoking and heating treatments on the physical, mechanical, and chemical properties of Betung bamboo (Dendrocalamus asper), focusing on improving its dimensional stability and mechanical strength. Results showed that equilibrium moisture content decreased with prolonged smoking durations and higher heating temperatures due to the reduction of free hydroxyl groups in hemicellulose and cellulose. Dimensional stability improved significantly, particularly in the tangential and radial directions, with maximum stability observed at 210 °C. Mechanical properties were enhanced through reduced moisture content, leading to increased modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity. However, excessive heating at 210 °C caused thermal degradation of hemicellulose, reducing strength. Significant color changes were observed, with smoking inducing greenish hues and heating contributing to yellowish coloration, producing aesthetically pleasing results at higher temperatures. FTIR analysis revealed key chemical changes, including the reduction of free hydroxyl groups, ether bond formation, and acetylation in hemicellulose, which contributed to improved durability. Overall, smoking and heating treatments enhanced bamboo’s physical, mechanical, and aesthetic properties, making it more suitable for various applications. However, the study underscores the need to optimize treatment conditions to avoid thermal degradation at high temperatures.