<p>Samples of the heartwood and sapwood of <i>Scots pine</i> were selected as the object of the study. The content of the main components (cellulose, hemicelluloses, lignin and extractives) was determined by chemical analysis methods. The values of the specific electrical conductivity and the components of the complex dielectric constant were determined by dielectric spectroscopy in the frequency range of the external electric field from 10⁻² to 10⁷&#xa0;Hz. The specific electrical conductivity of heartwood and sapwood wood varies slightly. Differences in dielectric properties are manifested in the frequency range of 10–10³&#xa0;Hz due to changes in polarizability and dielectric losses. The influence of cellulose crystallinity and the functional nature of lignin on the electrophysical properties of polymers was shown by the example of plant polymers and their model compounds. The similarity of the electrically conductive properties in the whole volume of wood is due to the characteristic features of the formation of the structure of the lignin-carbohydrate complex and the presence of interpenetrating networks of H-bonds involving hydroxyl groups of all wood components.</p> Graphical abstract