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Background <p>Functional recovery after tongue cancer surgery involves restoration of oral intake, speech intelligibility, and swallowing function. The Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS) is a simple, validated tool for grading oral intake, while the Performance Status Scale–Head and Neck (PSS-HN) measures patient-reported functional outcomes. Their relationship in postoperative tongue cancer patients is not well defined.</p> Methods <p>A retrospective analysis was conducted on postoperative tongue cancer patients with documented FOIS and PSS-HN scores. Correlations between FOIS and PSS-HN subscales—Speech Understandability, Eating in Public, and Normalcy of Diet—were assessed using Spearman’s correlation coefficient. Missing data were handled using multiple imputation prior to analysis.</p> Results <p>A total of 100 patients were included. Higher FOIS scores were significantly associated with improved functional outcomes. FOIS showed a moderate correlation with Speech Understandability (ρ = 0.62, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), a strong correlation with Eating in Public (ρ = 0.74, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), and the strongest correlation with Normalcy of Diet (ρ = 0.82, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001).</p> Conclusion <p>FOIS is a robust marker of postoperative functional recovery in tongue cancer patients and correlates strongly with patient-reported speech and swallowing outcomes.</p>

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Functional Oral Intake Scale as a Marker of Postoperative Speech and Swallowing Outcomes in Tongue Cancer Patients

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月1日

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  • Poonam Joshi,
  • Priyank Nandaniya,
  • Taher Ali Kotwala,
  • Rathan Shetty,
  • Arjun Singh,
  • Sudhir Nair,
  • Pankaj Chaturvedi

摘要

Background

Functional recovery after tongue cancer surgery involves restoration of oral intake, speech intelligibility, and swallowing function. The Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS) is a simple, validated tool for grading oral intake, while the Performance Status Scale–Head and Neck (PSS-HN) measures patient-reported functional outcomes. Their relationship in postoperative tongue cancer patients is not well defined.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted on postoperative tongue cancer patients with documented FOIS and PSS-HN scores. Correlations between FOIS and PSS-HN subscales—Speech Understandability, Eating in Public, and Normalcy of Diet—were assessed using Spearman’s correlation coefficient. Missing data were handled using multiple imputation prior to analysis.

Results

A total of 100 patients were included. Higher FOIS scores were significantly associated with improved functional outcomes. FOIS showed a moderate correlation with Speech Understandability (ρ = 0.62, p < 0.001), a strong correlation with Eating in Public (ρ = 0.74, p < 0.001), and the strongest correlation with Normalcy of Diet (ρ = 0.82, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

FOIS is a robust marker of postoperative functional recovery in tongue cancer patients and correlates strongly with patient-reported speech and swallowing outcomes.