Effective Treatment of Primary Orbital Squamous Cell Carcinoma with Radiotherapy: A Rare Case Report and Literature Review Update

Primary squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the orbit is exceptionally rare, comprising only a small fraction of ocular tumours, with most cases being secondary to tumours originating from nearby structures or due to distant metastasis. We present a case of primary orbital SCC in a 60-year-old male, discussing its diagnostic workup, imaging findings, and multidisciplinary management. The patient underwent definitive radiotherapy with concurrent chemotherapy after being deemed inoperable. Without any severe treatment-related adverse event, the patient achieved a complete metabolic response at 7 months post-treatment with maintained vision. As evident from a review of the literature, treatment approaches vary widely in this group of patients, with radiotherapy emerging as a successful modality in achieving disease control while preserving vision with acceptable toxicity. This case underscores the complexity of managing primary orbital SCCs and highlights the efficacy of radiotherapy in achieving favourable outcomes.