When the Uncommon Strikes: Renal Squamous Cell Carcinoma with Inferior Vena Cava Extension — A Comprehensive Review

Renal squamous cell carcinoma (RSCC) presenting with inferior vena cava (IVC) extension is an exceedingly rare and challenging clinical entity. This manuscript provides a comprehensive review of the literature on RSCC, focusing on cases involving IVC involvement. We present a case of a 48-year-old man diagnosed with RSCC extending into the IVC, successfully managed through surgical resection. The discussion highlights the diagnostic challenges, management strategies, and prognosis associated with this rare condition. Despite the limited data available, surgical resection remains the cornerstone of treatment, with adjuvant therapies showing limited efficacy. The prognosis for RSCC with IVC extension remains uncertain, emphasizing the need for further research and comprehensive reporting of cases to enhance understanding and management of this rare malignancy.