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Introduction <p>Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, intersex, asexual, and agender (LGBTQIA+) populations within the United States (U.S.) face significant health disparities that are exacerbated by sociopolitical climates characterized by anti-LGBTQIA+ rhetoric and legislation. Although minority stress research has examined structural stigma (e.g., legislation, policies, state-attitudes), few self-report measures exist to capture the distinct sociopolitical stressors– an important form of structural stigma– that affect LGBTQIA+ communities.</p> Methods <p>Using a sample of 625 (Mage = 36.81, SD = 14.40) LGBTQIA+ people within the U.S., the present study developed and validated the Sociopolitical Stress Measure (SPSM).</p> Results <p>The SPSM provides two scoring options—distress and occurrence—allowing researchers to assess both the occurrence of sociopolitical stressors and the extent to which these experiences are distressing. Results from exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses indicated that both scales were unidimensional. Measurement invariance analyses showed that the SPSM Distress scale was invariant across gender, ethnoracial, and sexual identities, while the SPSM Occurrence scale was invariant across ethnoracial and sexual identities. Both scales exhibited strong reliability as well as convergent, discriminant, and criterion validity, including positive associations with distal minority stressors (e.g., discrimination, victimization, vicarious trauma), proximal minority stressors (e.g., hypervigilance), and mental health outcomes (e.g., anxiety, depression).</p> Policy Implications <p>The SPSM offers a novel tool for researchers, clinicians, and policymakers to investigate how sociopolitical contexts influence LGBTQIA+ health, to monitor fluctuations in stress during key political events, and to inform advocacy and interventions aimed at reducing health disparities.</p>

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Psychometric Evaluation of the LGBTQIA+ Sociopolitical Stress Scale

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月28日

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  • Joshua Parmenter,
  • Kiet Huynh

摘要

Introduction

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, intersex, asexual, and agender (LGBTQIA+) populations within the United States (U.S.) face significant health disparities that are exacerbated by sociopolitical climates characterized by anti-LGBTQIA+ rhetoric and legislation. Although minority stress research has examined structural stigma (e.g., legislation, policies, state-attitudes), few self-report measures exist to capture the distinct sociopolitical stressors– an important form of structural stigma– that affect LGBTQIA+ communities.

Methods

Using a sample of 625 (Mage = 36.81, SD = 14.40) LGBTQIA+ people within the U.S., the present study developed and validated the Sociopolitical Stress Measure (SPSM).

Results

The SPSM provides two scoring options—distress and occurrence—allowing researchers to assess both the occurrence of sociopolitical stressors and the extent to which these experiences are distressing. Results from exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses indicated that both scales were unidimensional. Measurement invariance analyses showed that the SPSM Distress scale was invariant across gender, ethnoracial, and sexual identities, while the SPSM Occurrence scale was invariant across ethnoracial and sexual identities. Both scales exhibited strong reliability as well as convergent, discriminant, and criterion validity, including positive associations with distal minority stressors (e.g., discrimination, victimization, vicarious trauma), proximal minority stressors (e.g., hypervigilance), and mental health outcomes (e.g., anxiety, depression).

Policy Implications

The SPSM offers a novel tool for researchers, clinicians, and policymakers to investigate how sociopolitical contexts influence LGBTQIA+ health, to monitor fluctuations in stress during key political events, and to inform advocacy and interventions aimed at reducing health disparities.