Biopsychosocial Dimensions of Intersex Experiences: a PRISMA Systematic Review of Relational and Sexual Outcomes, Body Image, and Quality of Life
摘要
This review examines relational and sexual outcomes, body image, and quality of life (QoL) among intersex people, situating these domains within broader theoretical debates on medicalisation, normativity, and biopsychosocial development.
MethodA systematic search was conducted using the PRISMA protocol. Articles were retrieved from Scopus and Web of Science databases. After identifying 1529 scientific articles, 33 studies were included. Across the literature, intersex people’s relational and sexual trajectories are shaped by sociocultural scripts that equate normative genital appearance; this could result in delayed or avoided romantic and sexual experiences.
ResultsBody image emerges as a key site where biomedical discourse, personal meaning-making, and social regulation intersect. Neutral-to-positive overall body satisfaction coexists with persistent dissatisfaction regarding genital and sex-related characteristics, often shaped by early medical interventions and experiences of bodily objectification. QoL outcomes reveal considerable heterogeneity, suggesting that intersex embodiment shouldn’t be considered a pathological condition.
ConclusionThis review highlights the need to move beyond deficit-based and pathologizing frameworks of intersex embodiment, emphasizing instead the social, relational, and political conditions that shape intersex people’s well-being.
Policy ImplicationsA biopsychosocial and justice-oriented approach is essential for informing clinical practice, policy development, and the creation of supportive environments that uphold bodily autonomy, social recognition, and quality of life for intersex people.