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Introduction <p>This study was conducted to investigate the multilayered forms of oppression that cisgender female sex workers living in Turkey are subjected to from a feminist and anti-oppression social work perspective.</p> Methods <p>In-depth interviews with 25 sex workers were analyzed using the thematic analysis method based on interviews conducted between 2022 and 2023, and a map of oppression was created in which client-based oppression was structured under the following six themes: client power and capitalist control, negotiating survival under threat, condom refusal as coercion, substance use under client pressure, performing beauty under patriarchal expectations, and internalized stigma and identity fragmentation.</p> Results <p>The findings revealed that violence that sex workers were subjected to included not only the physical dimension but also the economic, social, and cultural dimensions.</p> Conclusions <p>To survive in the face of this multifaceted oppression, sex workers redefine consent and sometimes try to sustain their lives by submitting to violence.</p> Policy Implications <p>In the study, a transformative framework for rights-based social policies and practices by making visible not only individual acts of violence but also the structural inequalities that make this violence possible is provided. Among the fundamental steps of this framework are decriminalizing sex work, criminalizing client-related violence, and ensuring sex workers’ access to social services.</p>

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Anatomy of Oppression: Experiences of Female Sex Workers in Turkey

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月11日

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  • İsmail Orbay,
  • Nilgün Küçükkaraca

摘要

Introduction

This study was conducted to investigate the multilayered forms of oppression that cisgender female sex workers living in Turkey are subjected to from a feminist and anti-oppression social work perspective.

Methods

In-depth interviews with 25 sex workers were analyzed using the thematic analysis method based on interviews conducted between 2022 and 2023, and a map of oppression was created in which client-based oppression was structured under the following six themes: client power and capitalist control, negotiating survival under threat, condom refusal as coercion, substance use under client pressure, performing beauty under patriarchal expectations, and internalized stigma and identity fragmentation.

Results

The findings revealed that violence that sex workers were subjected to included not only the physical dimension but also the economic, social, and cultural dimensions.

Conclusions

To survive in the face of this multifaceted oppression, sex workers redefine consent and sometimes try to sustain their lives by submitting to violence.

Policy Implications

In the study, a transformative framework for rights-based social policies and practices by making visible not only individual acts of violence but also the structural inequalities that make this violence possible is provided. Among the fundamental steps of this framework are decriminalizing sex work, criminalizing client-related violence, and ensuring sex workers’ access to social services.