Effect of Bulb-outs on Pedestrian Detection by Automated Vehicles at Midblock Crosswalks
摘要
Safe and efficient interactions between automated vehicles and pedestrians at unsignalized crosswalks remain a challenge. Infrastructure design may offer valuable support in addressing this issue. This study examines the effect of curb extensions—“bulb-outs”—at midblock unsignalized crosswalks on pedestrian detectability and recognition by automated vehicles. Two full-scale field experiments were conducted: one with an automated driving bus and another with crossing pedestrians. In the automated driving experiment, the bus tracked a crossing pedestrian more consistently when the individual stood closer to the vehicular lane, especially when the bulb-out was implemented using only pavement. This effect was more pronounced in the presence of other pedestrians on the sidewalk. In the pedestrian experiment, bulb-outs encouraged pedestrians to position themselves closer to the vehicular lane compared to the normal crosswalk. Even without bulb-outs, some pedestrians stepped onto the road shoulder to enhance visibility, suggesting a latent need for such infrastructure. These findings indicate that bulb-outs have the potential to enhance the detection and recognition of pedestrians by automated systems. Further research is warranted to refine bulb-out structural designs that improve perceived pedestrian safety without compromising detectability.