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<p>The agar extraction process from the seaweed <i>Gelidium corneum</i> generates a substantial quantity of solid residue that is currently underutilized, posing an environmental concern. This study assesses the prospective antifungal efficacy of the residual biomass and explores possible inhibitory pathways against Ascochyta blight of chickpea. Compounds were extracted from the industrial residue using three solvents: water, dichloromethane (DCM), and DCM/ethanol mixture. Assessments included <i>in vitro</i> mycelial inhibition, phytotoxicity on chickpea germination, and <i>in vivo</i> greenhouse trials using foliar and root-drench applications on two varieties. Furthermore, <i>in silico</i> molecular docking was performed to hypothesize potential interactions between identified phenolic constituents and the fungal enzyme lanosterol 14-alpha-demethylase (CYP51). The aqueous extract exhibited the most pronounced antifungal activity, inhibiting 80% of mycelial growth (at 8&#xa0;mg/mL) and contained the highest concentrations of phenolics, proteins, and carbohydrates. The extract showed no phytotoxic effects and significantly reduced disease development in greenhouse trials. Foliar application at 11&#xa0;mg/mL was effective, reducing the Area Under the Disease Progress Curve (AUDPC) by 52.9% in the moderately resistant variety and 64.9% in the susceptible variety. Root-zone drench provided lower yet significant protection, suggesting a potential role in eliciting host defenses. Molecular docking indicated that phenolic constituents such as procyanidin B2 and quercetin, may interact with CYP51, providing a mechanistic hypothesis for the observed activity. These findings indicate that <i>G. corneum</i> agar residue represents a promising source of bioactive compounds for the development of a biopesticide for chickpea organic protection. Repurposing this industrial byproduct supports the integration of waste valorization into agricultural disease management within a circular economy framework.</p>

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Valorizing seaweed waste as a prospective biocontrol agent for organic chickpea protection

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月2日

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  • Hajare Errati,
  • Lamyae Et-tazy,
  • Oussama Khibech,
  • Salim Lebbar,
  • Lahoucine Hilali,
  • Rania Brital,
  • Bouchaib Bencharki,
  • Sanae Krimi Bencheqroun

摘要

The agar extraction process from the seaweed Gelidium corneum generates a substantial quantity of solid residue that is currently underutilized, posing an environmental concern. This study assesses the prospective antifungal efficacy of the residual biomass and explores possible inhibitory pathways against Ascochyta blight of chickpea. Compounds were extracted from the industrial residue using three solvents: water, dichloromethane (DCM), and DCM/ethanol mixture. Assessments included in vitro mycelial inhibition, phytotoxicity on chickpea germination, and in vivo greenhouse trials using foliar and root-drench applications on two varieties. Furthermore, in silico molecular docking was performed to hypothesize potential interactions between identified phenolic constituents and the fungal enzyme lanosterol 14-alpha-demethylase (CYP51). The aqueous extract exhibited the most pronounced antifungal activity, inhibiting 80% of mycelial growth (at 8 mg/mL) and contained the highest concentrations of phenolics, proteins, and carbohydrates. The extract showed no phytotoxic effects and significantly reduced disease development in greenhouse trials. Foliar application at 11 mg/mL was effective, reducing the Area Under the Disease Progress Curve (AUDPC) by 52.9% in the moderately resistant variety and 64.9% in the susceptible variety. Root-zone drench provided lower yet significant protection, suggesting a potential role in eliciting host defenses. Molecular docking indicated that phenolic constituents such as procyanidin B2 and quercetin, may interact with CYP51, providing a mechanistic hypothesis for the observed activity. These findings indicate that G. corneum agar residue represents a promising source of bioactive compounds for the development of a biopesticide for chickpea organic protection. Repurposing this industrial byproduct supports the integration of waste valorization into agricultural disease management within a circular economy framework.