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<p>The use of synthetic fertilizers may negatively affect soil health and compromise sustainable and safe vegetable production. Cowpea (<i>Vigna unguiculata</i>) is a highly nutritious pulse and vegetable crop cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions. It enriches soil fertility by fixing atmospheric nitrogen and thrives in drought-prone, stressed environments. With its high protein content, rich nutrient profile, and remarkable adaptability, cowpea significantly contributes to food security and offer notable environmental benefits, especially for rural communities. This study aimed to assess the effects of shrimp head silage and chitosan oligosaccharide, individually and in combination, on the growth and yield of cowpea (<i>Vigna ungiculata</i> L. Walp). A Complete randomised block design with three replications was conducted over two successive seasons, including seven treatments: control (C), commercial fertilizer (COM) 5&#xa0;g/L, shrimp head silage (SH) 5&#xa0;mL, chitosan oligosaccharide (CS) 5&#xa0;mL, and combinations of SH and CS (SH25 + CS75, SH50 + CS50, SH75 + CS25) at 5&#xa0;mL each. The interaction of SH 75 + CS 25 produced the higher plant height (108.84 ± 4.96, 120.75 ± 5.77), number of branches (12.39 ± 0.67, 11.89 ± 0.79), number of leaves (34.61 ± 2.59, 32.06 ± 1.84), the fewest days for 50% flowering (39.56 ± 0.39, 38.45 ± 0.19), higher dry matter production (56.40 ± 1.08, 64.09 ± 2.29) and protein % (26.31 ± 0.35, 27.53 ± 1.39). The interaction of SH 75 + CS 25 also recorded the highest yield (393.01 ± 7.97, 370.62 ± 9.42), nitrogen (N) % (2.85 ± 0.49, 2.45 ± 0.37), and phosphorus (P) % (0.71 ± 0.08, 0.58 ± 0.09). For potassium (K) %, there was no significant difference between SH75 + CS25 and SH50 + CS50; both recorded the highest potassium levels, which were significantly higher than the control (p &lt; 0.05). Combinations of SH and CS as foliar formulations gave positive results (increased plant growth, increased yield and better quality) compared to SH, CS alone and other control treatments under the study. The foliar fertilizer containing SH75 + CS25 was found to be the most effective in promoting cowpea growth and yield compared to other treatments. Converting seafood processing wastes into natural foliar formulations using shrimp head silage and chitosan oligosaccharides provides an eco-friendly strategy to boost vegetable productivity, minimize reliance on chemical fertilizers, and promote a circular bioeconomy for sustainable agriculture.</p>

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Foliar formulation from shrimp head silage and chitosan oligosaccharide for improved growth and yield of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月24日

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  • Angel Maria Selassy,
  • Sarasan Sabu,
  • Abhilash Sasidharan,
  • Sarala Anitha

摘要

The use of synthetic fertilizers may negatively affect soil health and compromise sustainable and safe vegetable production. Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) is a highly nutritious pulse and vegetable crop cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions. It enriches soil fertility by fixing atmospheric nitrogen and thrives in drought-prone, stressed environments. With its high protein content, rich nutrient profile, and remarkable adaptability, cowpea significantly contributes to food security and offer notable environmental benefits, especially for rural communities. This study aimed to assess the effects of shrimp head silage and chitosan oligosaccharide, individually and in combination, on the growth and yield of cowpea (Vigna ungiculata L. Walp). A Complete randomised block design with three replications was conducted over two successive seasons, including seven treatments: control (C), commercial fertilizer (COM) 5 g/L, shrimp head silage (SH) 5 mL, chitosan oligosaccharide (CS) 5 mL, and combinations of SH and CS (SH25 + CS75, SH50 + CS50, SH75 + CS25) at 5 mL each. The interaction of SH 75 + CS 25 produced the higher plant height (108.84 ± 4.96, 120.75 ± 5.77), number of branches (12.39 ± 0.67, 11.89 ± 0.79), number of leaves (34.61 ± 2.59, 32.06 ± 1.84), the fewest days for 50% flowering (39.56 ± 0.39, 38.45 ± 0.19), higher dry matter production (56.40 ± 1.08, 64.09 ± 2.29) and protein % (26.31 ± 0.35, 27.53 ± 1.39). The interaction of SH 75 + CS 25 also recorded the highest yield (393.01 ± 7.97, 370.62 ± 9.42), nitrogen (N) % (2.85 ± 0.49, 2.45 ± 0.37), and phosphorus (P) % (0.71 ± 0.08, 0.58 ± 0.09). For potassium (K) %, there was no significant difference between SH75 + CS25 and SH50 + CS50; both recorded the highest potassium levels, which were significantly higher than the control (p < 0.05). Combinations of SH and CS as foliar formulations gave positive results (increased plant growth, increased yield and better quality) compared to SH, CS alone and other control treatments under the study. The foliar fertilizer containing SH75 + CS25 was found to be the most effective in promoting cowpea growth and yield compared to other treatments. Converting seafood processing wastes into natural foliar formulations using shrimp head silage and chitosan oligosaccharides provides an eco-friendly strategy to boost vegetable productivity, minimize reliance on chemical fertilizers, and promote a circular bioeconomy for sustainable agriculture.