<p>This study employs a narrative literature review methodology to investigate how early neural development shapes moral cognition before reflective reasoning emerges. Drawing from developmental neuroscience, cognitive psychology, and moral psychology, the review systematically synthesizes relevant findings and conceptual advances. Insights from this literature review directly inform the construction of a structured, weighted model that compares five key influences on moral formation. The resulting time-sensitive framework quantitatively ranks the relative impact of early neurodevelopmental mechanisms—specifically synaptic pruning and myelination between ages 3 and 7—on the emergence of core traits such as empathy, impulse control, and fairness sensitivity. These neurocognitive processes scaffold moral responsiveness prior to character reasoning or formal instruction. By explicitly linking the narrative review process to the development of this weighted model, the manuscript advances a developmental perspective that emphasizes the timing and hierarchy of influences on moral behavior. The framework outlines implications for early intervention, indicating that neuroscience-informed practices—such as moral engagement through play and early bias recognition—can strengthen ethical reflexes and promote long-term resilience. The analysis focuses on children aged 3–7 within ECEC, recognizing that early childhood experiences contribute an estimated 45% to the moral capacity expressed in adulthood. This integrated approach provides practical insights for psychologists, teachers, and policymakers seeking to align moral development strategies with sensitive periods of brain maturation.</p>