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<p>Oil sands process-affected water (OSPW), a by-product of surface mining in Alberta, Canada, contains persistent and toxic naphthenic acid fraction compounds (NAFCs). Constructed wetland treatment systems are a promising biological approach for reducing NAFCs, yet the role of plant-microbe-substrate interactions remains underexplored. In this study, greenhouse mesocosms containing coarse sand tailings (CST) and either OSPW or reverse osmosis (RO) water were planted with <i>Typha latifolia</i>, <i>Juncus balticus</i>, or left unplanted. Plant growth did not differ between mesocosms with OSPW and RO, however <i>T. latifolia</i> health declined due to an aphid infestation. Plants influenced substrate and water chemistry by reducing salinity, alkalinity, and ions such as Ca and K, while tissues showed distinct uptake patterns, with <i>J. balticus</i> enriched in Fe, S, and P, and <i>T. latifolia</i> elevated in Ca and K. Plants also enhanced NAFC removal, increasing from 16% in unplanted mesocosms to 32% with <i>J. balticus</i> and 40% with <i>T. latifolia</i>. Isotopic analyses indicated preferential removal of bitumen-derived NAFCs, providing an independent line of evidence for OSPW attenuation. Despite reduced health, <i>T. latifolia</i> achieved the highest NAFC attenuation, suggesting species-specific mechanisms, likely including microbial stimulation. <i>T. latifolia</i> roots had a higher diversity and were enriched in putative hydrocarbon degraders (<i>Burkholderiaceae</i>), while <i>J. balticus</i> hosted putative Fe-cycling taxa (<i>Gallionellaceae</i>). Putative hydrocarbon degraders were also detected under RO, indicating latent bioremediation potential. These results demonstrate that plant identity may mediate CWTS performance, likely through effects on chemistry and microbial communities, highlighting the importance of targeted species selection for OSPW treatment.</p>

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Role of Typha latifolia, Juncus balticus, and Root-Associated Microbial Communities in Naphthenic Acid Removal from Oil Sands Process-Affected Water

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月15日

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  • Amy-lynne Balaberda,
  • Julius Eyiuche Nweze,
  • Ian J. Vander Meulen,
  • Jason M. E. Ahad,
  • John V. Headley,
  • Étienne Yergeau,
  • Christine Martineau,
  • Dani Degenhardt

摘要

Oil sands process-affected water (OSPW), a by-product of surface mining in Alberta, Canada, contains persistent and toxic naphthenic acid fraction compounds (NAFCs). Constructed wetland treatment systems are a promising biological approach for reducing NAFCs, yet the role of plant-microbe-substrate interactions remains underexplored. In this study, greenhouse mesocosms containing coarse sand tailings (CST) and either OSPW or reverse osmosis (RO) water were planted with Typha latifolia, Juncus balticus, or left unplanted. Plant growth did not differ between mesocosms with OSPW and RO, however T. latifolia health declined due to an aphid infestation. Plants influenced substrate and water chemistry by reducing salinity, alkalinity, and ions such as Ca and K, while tissues showed distinct uptake patterns, with J. balticus enriched in Fe, S, and P, and T. latifolia elevated in Ca and K. Plants also enhanced NAFC removal, increasing from 16% in unplanted mesocosms to 32% with J. balticus and 40% with T. latifolia. Isotopic analyses indicated preferential removal of bitumen-derived NAFCs, providing an independent line of evidence for OSPW attenuation. Despite reduced health, T. latifolia achieved the highest NAFC attenuation, suggesting species-specific mechanisms, likely including microbial stimulation. T. latifolia roots had a higher diversity and were enriched in putative hydrocarbon degraders (Burkholderiaceae), while J. balticus hosted putative Fe-cycling taxa (Gallionellaceae). Putative hydrocarbon degraders were also detected under RO, indicating latent bioremediation potential. These results demonstrate that plant identity may mediate CWTS performance, likely through effects on chemistry and microbial communities, highlighting the importance of targeted species selection for OSPW treatment.