<p>The non-aquatic fauna (e.g. insects, birds, mammals) that occupies seasonally flooded floodplain forests in the Amazon is a major component of the region’s biodiversity, and the responses portrayed to cope with this inundation are varied. However, no systematic review of these species, including specialist species (exclusive to this environment), and their responses to seasonal inundation has yet been performed. Here, we provide an up-to-date and thorough examination of research on non-aquatic fauna that utilize Amazonian floodplain forests and their responses to seasonal flooding. We conducted a survey of published and unpublished studies from 1853 to 2023 through the Web of Science and Google Scholar platforms. We found a total of 445 studies, including 11,513 species of non-aquatic animals that inhabit floodplain forests. We identified ten main types of responses to flooding, the three most common being vertical migration, occupation of floating substrates and eggs submerged in a dormant state. Results suggest great behavioral, morphological and physiological plasticity among non-aquatic species, including those that are not floodplain forest specialists. Several types of responses occur independently in widely distinct taxonomic groups, emphasizing convergent strategies to deal with seasonal flooding. Our findings underline the uniqueness of the floodplain fauna and its importance for the regional biodiversity conservation agenda.</p>