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<p>Fish species characteristics and supply of food resources in Amazonian floodplain forests probably shape the trophic structure and composition of the fish community; however, this dynamic has rarely been studied in the context of trophic networks. In this study, we hypothesized that the main forces that structure the trophic web of the fish community present in two blackwater forests are the supply of resources of allochthonous origin and species characteristics, such as body size and abundance of individuals. Interactions assembly was explored and analyzed, and we tested whether fish body size, number of individuals, trophic category, and use of different food resources affect the structure of the trophic network. Out of 771 fish individuals, 30 species consumed food divided into eight categories: animal remains, plant remains, fish, flowers, invertebrates (terrestrial and aquatic), leaves, fruit pulp, and seeds. We found a network that is modular and highly specialized. Conversely, the network is structured by low connectance and nestedness. The supply of compositional items from riparian vegetation provided a multifunctional network formed by different layers represented mainly by herbivorous and frugivorous guilds. Our results also show that food web centrality is influenced by fish size and abundance. Overall, we suggest that the seasonal food supply of flooded forests and the size and abundance of fish species shape the structure of Amazonian food webs.&#xa0;We reinforce the importance of lateral connectivity in low productivity environments, such as blackwater floodplain forests. We provide insights into the coexistence of fish communities and their functional role.</p>

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Fish Assemblage Characteristics and Allochthonous Food Resources Shape the Topology of Trophic Networks in Blackwater Floodplain Forests

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月2日

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  • Bianca Weiss,
  • Fernanda Costa,
  • Flavia Santana,
  • Viviane Pagnussat Klein,
  • Aline Lopes,
  • Gilvan Costa,
  • Jochen Schöngart,
  • Florian Wittmann,
  • Flavia Durgante,
  • Jansen Zuanon,
  • Maria Teresa Fernandez Piedade

摘要

Fish species characteristics and supply of food resources in Amazonian floodplain forests probably shape the trophic structure and composition of the fish community; however, this dynamic has rarely been studied in the context of trophic networks. In this study, we hypothesized that the main forces that structure the trophic web of the fish community present in two blackwater forests are the supply of resources of allochthonous origin and species characteristics, such as body size and abundance of individuals. Interactions assembly was explored and analyzed, and we tested whether fish body size, number of individuals, trophic category, and use of different food resources affect the structure of the trophic network. Out of 771 fish individuals, 30 species consumed food divided into eight categories: animal remains, plant remains, fish, flowers, invertebrates (terrestrial and aquatic), leaves, fruit pulp, and seeds. We found a network that is modular and highly specialized. Conversely, the network is structured by low connectance and nestedness. The supply of compositional items from riparian vegetation provided a multifunctional network formed by different layers represented mainly by herbivorous and frugivorous guilds. Our results also show that food web centrality is influenced by fish size and abundance. Overall, we suggest that the seasonal food supply of flooded forests and the size and abundance of fish species shape the structure of Amazonian food webs. We reinforce the importance of lateral connectivity in low productivity environments, such as blackwater floodplain forests. We provide insights into the coexistence of fish communities and their functional role.