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<p>During the past decades Constructed Wetlands (CW) have been proven to be a reliable method for treatment of wastewater from different sources. A lot of research was done on increasing removal efficiency of phosphorus (P) and heavy metals, by improving the chemical and physical properties of the substrates. In recent years some researches focused on removal of PFAS and pharmaceuticals and showed satisfactory results. Different types of substrates were investigated during the last two decades that increase P adsorption, most of them containing Ca, Al and Fe with Ca having the highest adsorption rate. New engineering technologies were developed to help improve removal efficiency like hybrid CW containing both horizontal and vertical flow, baffled systems, biofilters, Microbial Electrochemical Technologies (MET) integrated with CW as known as <Emphasis Type="Underline">METlands</Emphasis>® and Wetland Roofs which is&#xa0;a hybrid of green roofs with CW, for urban runoff and stormwater treatment. WR is an innovative solution for stormwater treatment and reuse in irrigation, which is using the advantages of wetland treatment in green roofs. Vertical flow with porous media is highly efficient for phosphorus removal and allows the roots of the plants to grow deeper and promote plant uptake as well as filtration and adsorption processes. With the right combination of water, soil and filter media selected, the saturated filter media can be reused as fertilizer in irrigation. However, further research is needed regarding the use of the P saturated media as fertilizer and the effect on soil and crops. This research aims to investigate technological developments of CW and summarize the last 2 decades of research in substrate applications for P removal. Also, more research is needed about the feasibility of wetland roofs and their capacity to treat urban runoff and wastewater for reuse purposes.</p>

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New Developments in Constructed Wetland Technology and Substrate Applications for Phosphorus Removal – A Review

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月24日

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  • Noemi Ran

摘要

During the past decades Constructed Wetlands (CW) have been proven to be a reliable method for treatment of wastewater from different sources. A lot of research was done on increasing removal efficiency of phosphorus (P) and heavy metals, by improving the chemical and physical properties of the substrates. In recent years some researches focused on removal of PFAS and pharmaceuticals and showed satisfactory results. Different types of substrates were investigated during the last two decades that increase P adsorption, most of them containing Ca, Al and Fe with Ca having the highest adsorption rate. New engineering technologies were developed to help improve removal efficiency like hybrid CW containing both horizontal and vertical flow, baffled systems, biofilters, Microbial Electrochemical Technologies (MET) integrated with CW as known as METlands® and Wetland Roofs which is a hybrid of green roofs with CW, for urban runoff and stormwater treatment. WR is an innovative solution for stormwater treatment and reuse in irrigation, which is using the advantages of wetland treatment in green roofs. Vertical flow with porous media is highly efficient for phosphorus removal and allows the roots of the plants to grow deeper and promote plant uptake as well as filtration and adsorption processes. With the right combination of water, soil and filter media selected, the saturated filter media can be reused as fertilizer in irrigation. However, further research is needed regarding the use of the P saturated media as fertilizer and the effect on soil and crops. This research aims to investigate technological developments of CW and summarize the last 2 decades of research in substrate applications for P removal. Also, more research is needed about the feasibility of wetland roofs and their capacity to treat urban runoff and wastewater for reuse purposes.