Interplay of Natural and Anthropogenic Factors on Plant Diversity at the Aquatic-Terrestrial Interface of Yuhangtang River

The acceleration of urbanization significantly impacts water quality and plant diversity in urban rivers. Understanding the interactions between natural factors and human activities is crucial for sustainable urban planning and ecological conservation. This study investigated the effects of land use, water quality indices (WQIs), and relevant variables on plant diversity in the land-water interface zone of the Yuhangtang River during urbanization. By elucidating these interactions, the study aims to inform land-use policies and water management practices that can enhance plant diversity and ecological health in urban rivers. Field surveys, water quality assessments, and remote sensing (RS) analyses were conducted. Plant diversity was quantified using a variety of indices. Ridge regression and variance analysis were employed to investigate the relationships between environmental variables and plant diversity. Significant correlations were found between WQIs (nitrate levels and conductivity) and plant diversity indices. Higher water conductivity and optimal distances from the water enhance plant diversity in the aquatic-terrestrial interface. Urban expansion was found to be linked to higher nitrate levels and lower plant diversity, with built-up areas negatively impacting diversity within 50 m and 100 m buffer zones. The inter-relationship between environmental dynamics and anthropogenic activities was revealed, highlighting the significant correlations between natural and anthropogenic factors and plant diversity. Urbanization significantly affects plant biodiversity in riparian zones by altering water quality. Sustainable urban planning and conservation strategies are essential to mitigate these impacts.