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<p>A trace-fossil assemblage and its depositional significance are documented from the Callovian Tuwaiq Mountain Limestone Formation in central Saudi Arabia. Two stratigraphic sections were measured and described: one at Khashm Al-Husan and the other at Ghoraba Mountain (northwest of Riyadh). The ichnological record is dominated by infaunal structures produced mainly by deposit feeders, with subordinate traces attributable to suspension feeders and borers. A total of 16 ichnospecies assigned to 11 ichnogenera were recognized, including <i>Chondrites</i> isp., <i>Circolites</i> isp., <i>Entobia</i> isp., <i>Gastrochaenolites dijugus</i>,<i> G. lapidicus</i>,<i> G. torpedo</i>,<i> Gastrochaenolites</i> isp., <i>Hillichnus</i> isp., <i>Ophiomorpha</i> isp., <i>Phycodes</i> isp., <i>Rhizocorallium jenense</i>,<i> Rhizocorallium</i> isp., <i>Rutichnus rutis</i>, <i>Taenidium</i> isp., <i>Thalassinoides suevicus</i>, and <i>Thalassinoides</i> isp. The assemblage is characterized chiefly by horizontal to subhorizontal burrows (e.g., <i>Phycodes</i>, <i>Thalassinoides</i>, and <i>Taenidium</i>), reflecting deposit-feeding activity under low- to moderate-energy conditions, whereas subordinate vertical to steeply inclined structures (<i>Skolithos</i>, <i>Arenicolites</i>, <i>Bergaueria</i>, and <i>Ophiomorpha</i>) indicate localized episodes of higher energy and shifting substrates. Integration of ichnological and sedimentological evidence indicates deposition on a storm-influenced shallow-marine shelf, spanning nearshore (shoreface) to offshore settings.</p>

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Trace fossils of the Callovian Tuwaiq mountain limestone formation from the Northwest Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月18日

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  • Huriye Demircan,
  • Mohamed Tawfik,
  • Khaled Al-Kahtany,
  • Talal Alharbi,
  • Suhail S. Alhejji,
  • Taisser Zumlot,
  • Abdelbaset S. El‒Sorogy

摘要

A trace-fossil assemblage and its depositional significance are documented from the Callovian Tuwaiq Mountain Limestone Formation in central Saudi Arabia. Two stratigraphic sections were measured and described: one at Khashm Al-Husan and the other at Ghoraba Mountain (northwest of Riyadh). The ichnological record is dominated by infaunal structures produced mainly by deposit feeders, with subordinate traces attributable to suspension feeders and borers. A total of 16 ichnospecies assigned to 11 ichnogenera were recognized, including Chondrites isp., Circolites isp., Entobia isp., Gastrochaenolites dijugus, G. lapidicus, G. torpedo, Gastrochaenolites isp., Hillichnus isp., Ophiomorpha isp., Phycodes isp., Rhizocorallium jenense, Rhizocorallium isp., Rutichnus rutis, Taenidium isp., Thalassinoides suevicus, and Thalassinoides isp. The assemblage is characterized chiefly by horizontal to subhorizontal burrows (e.g., Phycodes, Thalassinoides, and Taenidium), reflecting deposit-feeding activity under low- to moderate-energy conditions, whereas subordinate vertical to steeply inclined structures (Skolithos, Arenicolites, Bergaueria, and Ophiomorpha) indicate localized episodes of higher energy and shifting substrates. Integration of ichnological and sedimentological evidence indicates deposition on a storm-influenced shallow-marine shelf, spanning nearshore (shoreface) to offshore settings.