<p>Geological carbon storage (GCS) is a viable approach to reducing carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions, which is necessary to combat climate change. This study concentrates on advanced GCS techniques, such as in-situ mineral carbonation, CO₂ injection into basaltic formations, and storage in organic-rich shales, even if traditional methods, including saline aquifer storage, have been well researched. These innovative methods are still not fully understood in terms of their technical viability, environmental effect, and economic feasibility, despite their potential. This paper highlights their potential to improve the effectiveness and dependability of long-term CO₂ sequestration by offering a thorough assessment of their advantages, difficulties, and possibilities for the future. Along with an evaluation of the related environmental concerns, it also provides a critical examination of scalability, reaction kinetics, and long-term stability. This study contributes to our understanding of next-generation carbon storage options and their significance in mitigating climate change by contrasting traditional and innovative GCS approaches.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>