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<p>Underground engineering works in areas with karst strata are challenging due to the complex and variable nature of the geology, which makes accurate geological modelling difficult. Existing methods often focus on either stratigraphy or lithology, but they struggle to accurately represent karst formations, particularly in regions where both distinct stratigraphic layers and complex lithological variations are present. To address this issue, this study proposes a novel hybrid 3D geological modelling approach tailored for complex karst terrains. This approach combines Ordinary-Kriging based stratigraphic modelling with Indicator-Kriging based lithological modelling. By integrating stratigraphic and lithological modelling, our hybrid approach combines the clarity and efficiency of stratigraphic modelling with the flexibility and detail of lithological modelling, enabling more accurate and reliable reconstruction of karst systems. The results of the validation demonstrate that the 3D karst geological model constructed by this approach closely aligns with exploration results, accurately reflecting the distribution of karst geology in the study area. The model’s predictive accuracy is evident from the high AUC (0.86) and F1 score (0.79) at <i>P</i> = 0.65, and the model achieved a mean absolute error of 0.93&#xa0;m for predicted cavity boundaries, compared to 1.32&#xa0;m for the nearest-neighbour interpolation method. This method advances the state of the art by offering a more comprehensive and accurate tool for 3D geological reconstruction in karst regions, providing significant potential for guiding the construction of underground engineering projects.</p>

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Research on hybrid modelling techniques for complex karst geology

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月24日

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  • Hu Song,
  • Qingru Yu,
  • Linjun Qu,
  • Yan Zhang,
  • Mintao Ou,
  • Yangyang Chen,
  • Wen Liu

摘要

Underground engineering works in areas with karst strata are challenging due to the complex and variable nature of the geology, which makes accurate geological modelling difficult. Existing methods often focus on either stratigraphy or lithology, but they struggle to accurately represent karst formations, particularly in regions where both distinct stratigraphic layers and complex lithological variations are present. To address this issue, this study proposes a novel hybrid 3D geological modelling approach tailored for complex karst terrains. This approach combines Ordinary-Kriging based stratigraphic modelling with Indicator-Kriging based lithological modelling. By integrating stratigraphic and lithological modelling, our hybrid approach combines the clarity and efficiency of stratigraphic modelling with the flexibility and detail of lithological modelling, enabling more accurate and reliable reconstruction of karst systems. The results of the validation demonstrate that the 3D karst geological model constructed by this approach closely aligns with exploration results, accurately reflecting the distribution of karst geology in the study area. The model’s predictive accuracy is evident from the high AUC (0.86) and F1 score (0.79) at P = 0.65, and the model achieved a mean absolute error of 0.93 m for predicted cavity boundaries, compared to 1.32 m for the nearest-neighbour interpolation method. This method advances the state of the art by offering a more comprehensive and accurate tool for 3D geological reconstruction in karst regions, providing significant potential for guiding the construction of underground engineering projects.