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<p>Zhongliang Mountain acts as a natural barrier to east-west transportation corridors in Chongqing, severely hindering urban economic development‌. While tunnel engineering enables rapid traversal of mountain, it frequently induces severe geological hazards including karst collapses, damage to underground aquifers, and surface water depletion, threatening both tunnel construction safety and local eco-geological environments‌. The Geleshan-Zhongliang Town collapse area exhibits the highest ‌spatial density (13.5 collapses/km²)‌, ‌recurrence frequency‌, and ‌areal extent‌ in Zhongliang Mountain. This study analyzes the distribution patterns and formation mechanisms of karst collapses in the area through comprehensive field surveys, monitoring, geophysical prospecting, drilling, and laboratory testing. The primary inducing factor of karst collapse is identified as the disruption of groundwater balance due to intensive tunnel drainage. Trigger mechanisms include: (1) loss of groundwater uplift pressure and vacuum negative pressure in karst caves due to water inrushes during construction phase, and (2) erosion and mutation of water–gas pressure within karst conduits under heavy rainfall during operation phase. Comparative analysis of tunnel construction techniques demonstrates that full-face grouting for water isolation in water-rich karst tunnels effectively mitigates collapse hazards, facilitates groundwater recovery, and supports ecological restoration. This study offers valuable insights for engineering practices and geological disaster prevention in karst tunnel construction.</p>

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Formation mechanism analysis of karst collapses in Geleshan Town-Zhongliang Town, Chongqing, China

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月4日

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  • Yuanbin Wu,
  • Rui Cao,
  • Jia Wang,
  • Yan Meng,
  • Renchao Yin,
  • Zhikui Liu

摘要

Zhongliang Mountain acts as a natural barrier to east-west transportation corridors in Chongqing, severely hindering urban economic development‌. While tunnel engineering enables rapid traversal of mountain, it frequently induces severe geological hazards including karst collapses, damage to underground aquifers, and surface water depletion, threatening both tunnel construction safety and local eco-geological environments‌. The Geleshan-Zhongliang Town collapse area exhibits the highest ‌spatial density (13.5 collapses/km²)‌, ‌recurrence frequency‌, and ‌areal extent‌ in Zhongliang Mountain. This study analyzes the distribution patterns and formation mechanisms of karst collapses in the area through comprehensive field surveys, monitoring, geophysical prospecting, drilling, and laboratory testing. The primary inducing factor of karst collapse is identified as the disruption of groundwater balance due to intensive tunnel drainage. Trigger mechanisms include: (1) loss of groundwater uplift pressure and vacuum negative pressure in karst caves due to water inrushes during construction phase, and (2) erosion and mutation of water–gas pressure within karst conduits under heavy rainfall during operation phase. Comparative analysis of tunnel construction techniques demonstrates that full-face grouting for water isolation in water-rich karst tunnels effectively mitigates collapse hazards, facilitates groundwater recovery, and supports ecological restoration. This study offers valuable insights for engineering practices and geological disaster prevention in karst tunnel construction.