The current study was carried out to understand how the different geological systems affect the groundwater hydrochemistry within Al-Jirnaf Valley Basin. The depths, levels, and flow directions of groundwater investigated and mapped by interpolation using GIS version 10.8. The isotopes (𝛿2H, δ18O, and 3H) content in water of studied area is evaluated by the collection of 29 groundwater and 21 rainwater samples, distributed over 7 sites. The groundwater hydrochemical characteristics pH, TDS, EC, and major ions were analyzed for regional fluctuation, identified, and mapped by GIS hydrologic analysis tool. The hydrochemical study of groundwater samples had been collected from 25 locations samples, included chemical analyzes of the main components of samples represented by cations (Na+, Ca++, Mg++, and K+), as well as anions (Cl−, SO4=, HCO3−) and secondary components such as nitrate (NO3−), in addition to measuring the physio-chemical properties of groundwater represented by (EC), (TDS), (pH) and (TH) and some trace elements (Pb, Fe, Co, Cu, Mn). It was found that the ER% does not exceed 5%, that indicate the high accuracy analyses of the water samples, so, the analysis can be approved. The spatial variation maps were compared with the Morphometric, Stratigraphic, lithological, Structural map to expect the effect of the geological background on the hydrochemical properties. The comparison showed that the hydrogeological situation is controlled by the hydromorphometric system, structural setting and stratigraphy of the region, and thus as a result the hydrogeological situation controlled the hydrochemical characteristics. Therefore, the geological background made Injana Formation as main aquifer in the southern part of the area, while Fath’a Formation was the main aquifer in the northern part. The spatial distribution maps showed that concentrations decrease with the direction of groundwater flow from the northwest to the southeast, contrary to the hydrogeological aspects. As for nitrates, the opposite happened, as they increase in the southeastern part due to the presence of agricultural activities and fertilizers rich in nitrates. Analysis of heavy metals showed that most of their concentrations ware below the permissible limits and that groundwater was not contaminated with these elements. This work will be a good database for future groundwater resources management planning in the area.

Controls on groundwater quality: Hydro-Morphometric, Stratigraphic, Structural & Isotopic indicators, Al-Jirnaf Valley watershed, Iraq

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发表日期：

2025年7月31日

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Mayyadah Ahmed Abdullah,
Najiba Chkir Ben Jemaa,
Sabbar Abdullah Saleh

摘要

The current study was carried out to understand how the different geological systems affect the groundwater hydrochemistry within Al-Jirnaf Valley Basin. The depths, levels, and flow directions of groundwater investigated and mapped by interpolation using GIS version 10.8. The isotopes (𝛿²H, δ¹⁸O, and ³H) content in water of studied area is evaluated by the collection of 29 groundwater and 21 rainwater samples, distributed over 7 sites. The groundwater hydrochemical characteristics pH, TDS, EC, and major ions were analyzed for regional fluctuation, identified, and mapped by GIS hydrologic analysis tool. The hydrochemical study of groundwater samples had been collected from 25 locations samples, included chemical analyzes of the main components of samples represented by cations (Na⁺, Ca⁺⁺, Mg⁺⁺, and K⁺), as well as anions (Cl⁻, SO₄⁼, HCO₃⁻) and secondary components such as nitrate (NO₃⁻), in addition to measuring the physio-chemical properties of groundwater represented by (EC), (TDS), (pH) and (TH) and some trace elements (Pb, Fe, Co, Cu, Mn). It was found that the ER% does not exceed 5%, that indicate the high accuracy analyses of the water samples, so, the analysis can be approved. The spatial variation maps were compared with the Morphometric, Stratigraphic, lithological, Structural map to expect the effect of the geological background on the hydrochemical properties. The comparison showed that the hydrogeological situation is controlled by the hydromorphometric system, structural setting and stratigraphy of the region, and thus as a result the hydrogeological situation controlled the hydrochemical characteristics. Therefore, the geological background made Injana Formation as main aquifer in the southern part of the area, while Fath’a Formation was the main aquifer in the northern part. The spatial distribution maps showed that concentrations decrease with the direction of groundwater flow from the northwest to the southeast, contrary to the hydrogeological aspects. As for nitrates, the opposite happened, as they increase in the southeastern part due to the presence of agricultural activities and fertilizers rich in nitrates. Analysis of heavy metals showed that most of their concentrations ware below the permissible limits and that groundwater was not contaminated with these elements. This work will be a good database for future groundwater resources management planning in the area.