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<p>The Larestan area within the Zagros fold and thrust belt hosts diverse diapirs that penetrate 10–15 km of stratigraphic sequences, originating from the Precambrian Hormuz salt. These diapirs provide valuable insights into environmental conditions during evaporite deposition, which is influenced by hydrothermal activities. This study employs color separation to examine gypsum and salt from the Deh-Kuyeh, Karmostaj, and Paskhand salt diapirs in southern Iran. For the first time, the mineralogical analysis identified glauberite (Na₂Ca(SO₄)₂) and sassolite (H<sub>3</sub>BO<sub>3</sub>) in the Deh-Kuyeh salt diapir and Hormuz salt, minerals typically associated with fumaroles globally. Geochemical studies reveal strontium as the most abundant trace element, primarily linked with anhydrite and gypsum, while iron significantly influences salt coloration, indicating secondary hydrothermal processes. Spider diagrams show the enrichment of light rare earth elements (LREE) over heavy rare earth elements (HREE), with a decreasing trend from LREE to HREE, except for strontium. Fluid inclusion analysis in gypsum shows salinity changes of 3.25–7.9 wt.% NaCl and homogenization temperatures of 78.8 to 230&#xa0;°C. Fluids in salts associated with glauberite and sassolite exhibit temperatures of 50–60&#xa0;°C, indicating hydrothermal influences. Fumaroles during the Infracambrian likely contributed to the rapid formation of Hormuz salts in the Proto-Tethys Ocean by supplying essential ions. These findings are crucial for understanding the formation and evolution of evaporites in the Zagros fold and thrust belt.</p>

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Discovery of sassolite and glauberite in the Deh-Kuyeh, Karmostaj, and Paskhand salt diapirs (Larestan, Iran): mineralogical insights into the genesis of the late Ediacaran Hormuz evaporite basin

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月19日

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  • Ali Nokhbatolfoghahaei,
  • Sadegh Adineh,
  • Nima Nezafati,
  • Mansour Ghorbani,
  • Bijan Etemadi Abdolabadi

摘要

The Larestan area within the Zagros fold and thrust belt hosts diverse diapirs that penetrate 10–15 km of stratigraphic sequences, originating from the Precambrian Hormuz salt. These diapirs provide valuable insights into environmental conditions during evaporite deposition, which is influenced by hydrothermal activities. This study employs color separation to examine gypsum and salt from the Deh-Kuyeh, Karmostaj, and Paskhand salt diapirs in southern Iran. For the first time, the mineralogical analysis identified glauberite (Na₂Ca(SO₄)₂) and sassolite (H3BO3) in the Deh-Kuyeh salt diapir and Hormuz salt, minerals typically associated with fumaroles globally. Geochemical studies reveal strontium as the most abundant trace element, primarily linked with anhydrite and gypsum, while iron significantly influences salt coloration, indicating secondary hydrothermal processes. Spider diagrams show the enrichment of light rare earth elements (LREE) over heavy rare earth elements (HREE), with a decreasing trend from LREE to HREE, except for strontium. Fluid inclusion analysis in gypsum shows salinity changes of 3.25–7.9 wt.% NaCl and homogenization temperatures of 78.8 to 230 °C. Fluids in salts associated with glauberite and sassolite exhibit temperatures of 50–60 °C, indicating hydrothermal influences. Fumaroles during the Infracambrian likely contributed to the rapid formation of Hormuz salts in the Proto-Tethys Ocean by supplying essential ions. These findings are crucial for understanding the formation and evolution of evaporites in the Zagros fold and thrust belt.