Scholarlink

<p>Pakistan is endowed with vast resources of carbonates, which are widely used as construction materials in major engineering projects. Therefore, carbonates such as Cretaceous Kawagarh Formation and Paleocene Lockhart Limestone exposed in the vicinity of Darsamand anticline, District Hangu, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan are investigated using integrated analysis such as petrography, geochemistry, and geotechnical parameters for assessing their utilization for construction projects. The limestone of Kawagarh Formation is classified as mudstone having mainly micrite, bioclasts and planktonic foraminifera while that of the Lockhart Limestone has wacke- to packstone texture having mainly micrite, bioclasts, peloids and ooids. Diagenetic features such as calcite veins, dolomite, fractures and stylolites occur in both rock units. No deleterious minerals were encountered in these carbonate units. The values of various standard aggregate tests for the Kawagarh Formation such as specific gravity (2.7%), water absorption (0.4%), impact value (22.9–14%), crushing value (25.3%), soundness (3%), los angeles and abrasion (29.9%), and flakiness and elongation (6.13%) and for Lockhart Limestone such as specific gravity (2.6%), water absorption (0.23%), impact value (18.3–16% ), crushing value (22.6%), soundness (2.6%), los angeles and abrasion (26.7%), and flakiness and elongation (6.41%) are in the permissible range of standard specifications. The correlation between petrographic, geochemical and geotechnical properties of these rocks gives reliable outcomes for construction materials. The carbonate units having more CaO, less pore spaces, and less amount of bioclasts have more strength, durability and vice versa. On the other hand, if the carbonates having more SiO<sub>2,</sub> Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3,</sub> and K<sub>2</sub>O can cause failure of the construction structure but this study carbonate units have less amount of SiO<sub>2</sub>, Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, and K<sub>2</sub>O which have positive influence on the physical parameters of aggregate. The amount of clay minerals within carbonates can negatively affect the strength of carbonates. MgO analysis shows that studied limestones are of very high pure nature. The carbonate units in study area shows no effects of oxides, cryptocrystalline and other deleterious minerals on the geotechnical parameters of aggregate. The results of this study and its comparison of with other potential carbonates units in Pakistan indicates their suitability and potential as an aggregate source to be used in construction projects.</p>

错误：搜索内容不能为空，请输入英文关键词
错误：关键词超出字数限制，请精简
高级检索

Lithological, geochemical and geotechnical investigations of cretaceous and paleocene carbonates exposed in the Darsamand anticline, District Hangu, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月26日

查看全文
  • Fayaz Rehman,
  • Matloob Hussain,
  • Aamir Khan,
  • Ihtisham Islam,
  • Salman Ahmed Khattak,
  • Jehanzeb Khan

摘要

Pakistan is endowed with vast resources of carbonates, which are widely used as construction materials in major engineering projects. Therefore, carbonates such as Cretaceous Kawagarh Formation and Paleocene Lockhart Limestone exposed in the vicinity of Darsamand anticline, District Hangu, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan are investigated using integrated analysis such as petrography, geochemistry, and geotechnical parameters for assessing their utilization for construction projects. The limestone of Kawagarh Formation is classified as mudstone having mainly micrite, bioclasts and planktonic foraminifera while that of the Lockhart Limestone has wacke- to packstone texture having mainly micrite, bioclasts, peloids and ooids. Diagenetic features such as calcite veins, dolomite, fractures and stylolites occur in both rock units. No deleterious minerals were encountered in these carbonate units. The values of various standard aggregate tests for the Kawagarh Formation such as specific gravity (2.7%), water absorption (0.4%), impact value (22.9–14%), crushing value (25.3%), soundness (3%), los angeles and abrasion (29.9%), and flakiness and elongation (6.13%) and for Lockhart Limestone such as specific gravity (2.6%), water absorption (0.23%), impact value (18.3–16% ), crushing value (22.6%), soundness (2.6%), los angeles and abrasion (26.7%), and flakiness and elongation (6.41%) are in the permissible range of standard specifications. The correlation between petrographic, geochemical and geotechnical properties of these rocks gives reliable outcomes for construction materials. The carbonate units having more CaO, less pore spaces, and less amount of bioclasts have more strength, durability and vice versa. On the other hand, if the carbonates having more SiO2, Fe2O3, and K2O can cause failure of the construction structure but this study carbonate units have less amount of SiO2, Fe2O3, and K2O which have positive influence on the physical parameters of aggregate. The amount of clay minerals within carbonates can negatively affect the strength of carbonates. MgO analysis shows that studied limestones are of very high pure nature. The carbonate units in study area shows no effects of oxides, cryptocrystalline and other deleterious minerals on the geotechnical parameters of aggregate. The results of this study and its comparison of with other potential carbonates units in Pakistan indicates their suitability and potential as an aggregate source to be used in construction projects.